2018
DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2018.002
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Public finance at scale for rural sanitation – a case of Swachh Bharat Mission, India

Abstract: In 2014, the Indian Government embarked on a major programme to end open defecation. The government allocated significant public funds to ensure that the goal is reached by the year 2019. The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) programme for rural sanitation is ambitious and probably no government has ever attempted to tackle sanitation at this scale and with such a large financial commitment. The main objectives of this paper are to assess sufficiency of financial commitments for SBM and to review efficiency and effe… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…Practicing open defecation is a leading factor of parasitic infection which damages the intestinal walls, causes blood loss and reduces the absorption capacity of nutrients from food [ 57 , 58 ]. Government of India launched the 'Swachh Bharat Mission' in 2014, intending to make India open defecation-free by building new toilets in every household [ 59 ]. Moreover, six SDG envisages achieving access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and ending open defecation [ 60 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Practicing open defecation is a leading factor of parasitic infection which damages the intestinal walls, causes blood loss and reduces the absorption capacity of nutrients from food [ 57 , 58 ]. Government of India launched the 'Swachh Bharat Mission' in 2014, intending to make India open defecation-free by building new toilets in every household [ 59 ]. Moreover, six SDG envisages achieving access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and ending open defecation [ 60 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…of nutrients from food [57,58]. Government of India launched the 'Swachh Bharat Mission' in 2014, intending to make India open defecation-free by building new toilets in every household [59]. Moreover, six SDG envisages achieving access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and ending open defecation [60].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, Hindu notions of purity and pollution have been well documented as a reason for persistent OD and a reluctance to handle one's own fecal waste [32,62], and explain why people much prefer to build large pits. Nevertheless, waste management has been chronically underfunded under SBA-G [63], and the government's recommended latrine design requires rural people to manage their own waste. The rural poor themselves had virtually no agency in designing or implementing sanitation policy.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The ministry team led a consultation exercise with states to gather lessons from a succession of previous sanitation campaigns, and to work out what it would cost to achieve the goal of an open defaecation free (ODF) India. The total bill was estimated at some US$20 billion over 5 years, or about US$4.00 per head of the population per year 20. In addition, the team negotiated a loan of US$1.5 billion from the World Bank 21.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%