Public health and components of particulate matter: The changing assessment of black carbon

Eklúnd, Anders; Chow, Judith C.; Greenbaum, Daniel S.; Hidy, George M.; Kleinman, Michael T.; Watson, John G.; Wyzga, Ronald E.

doi:10.1080/10962247.2014.960218

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…For representation of cloud and precipitation processes the Lin microphysics scheme (Lin, 1983) together with the Grell-Deveny cumulus parameterization (Grell and Devenyi, 2002) were employed. The CBMZ (Carbon Bond Mechanism version Z) photochemical mechanism combined with MOSAIC (Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry) aerosol model (Fast et al, 2006;Zaveri and Peters, 1999) was applied to represent atmospheric chemistry. Aerosols were assumed to be spherical particles.…”

Section: Model Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dome effect of black carbon and its key influencing factors: a one-dimensional modelling study

2018

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) has been identified to play a critical role in aerosol–planetary boundary layer (PBL) interaction and further deterioration of near-surface air pollution in megacities, which has been referred to as the “dome effect”. However, the impacts of key factors that influence this effect, such as the vertical distribution and aging processes of BC, as well as the underlying land surface, have not been quantitatively explored yet. Here, based on available in situ measurements of meteorology and atmospheric aerosols together with the meteorology–chemistry online coupled model WRF-Chem, we conduct a set of parallel simulations to quantify the roles of these factors in influencing the BC dome effect and surface haze pollution. Furthermore, we discuss the main implications of the results to air pollution mitigation in China. We found that the impact of BC on the PBL is very sensitive to the altitude of aerosol layer. The upper-level BC, especially that near the capping inversion, is more essential in suppressing the PBL height and weakening the turbulent mixing. The dome effect of BC tends to be significantly intensified as BC mixed with scattering aerosols during winter haze events, resulting in a decrease in PBL height by more than 15 %. In addition, the dome effect is more substantial (up to 15 %) in rural areas than that in the urban areas with the same BC loading, indicating an unexpected regional impact of such an effect to air quality in countryside. This study indicates that China's regional air pollution would greatly benefit from BC emission reductions, especially those from elevated sources from chimneys and also domestic combustion in rural areas, through weakening the aerosol–boundary layer interactions that are triggered by BC.

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Section: Model Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dome effect of black carbon and its key influencing factors: a one-dimensional modelling study

2018

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“…Featuring high light-absorbing 20 efficiency, BC would exert substantial impact on climate change at regional and even global scale (Bond et al, 2013;Menon et al, 2002;Ramanathan and Carmichael, 2008). Meanwhile, BC has been proven to be inextricably linked to short-term changes in public health such as cardiovascular mortality and cardiopulmonary hospital admissions (Eklund et al, 2014;Janssen et al, 2011). A recent study by has revealed the vital role of BC in enhancing near-surface haze pollution by the combined effects of heating by the light-absorbing BC aerosols in upper-PBL and the reduction of surface 25 heat flux, which substantially suppresses the development of PBL and consequently causes extreme haze pollution episode in China's megacities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dome effect of black carbon and its key influencing factors: A one-dimensional modelling study

Wang¹,

Huang²,

Ding³

2017

Preprint

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Black carbon (BC) has been identified to play a critical role in aerosol-planet boundary layer (PBL) interaction and further deterioration of near-surface air pollution in megacities, which has been named as its "dome effect". However, the impacts of key factors that influence this effect, such as the vertical distribution and aging processes of BC, and also the underlying land surface, have not been quantitatively explored yet. Here, based on available in-situ measurements of meteorology and 15 atmospheric aerosols together with the meteorology-chemistry online coupled model, WRF-Chem, we conduct a set of parallel simulations to quantify the roles of these factors in influencing the BC's dome effect and surface haze pollution, and discuss the main implications of the results to air pollution mitigation in China. We found that the impact of BC on PBL is very sensitive to the altitude of aerosol layer. The upper level BC, especially those near the capping inversion, is more essential in suppressing the PBL height and weakening the turbulence mixing. The dome effect of BC tends to be significantly intensified 20 as BC aerosol mixed with scattering aerosols during winter haze events, resulting in a decrease of PBL height by more than 25%. In addition, the dome effect is more substantial (up to 15%) in rural areas than that in the urban areas with the same BC loading, indicating an unexpected regional impact of such kind of effect to air quality in countryside. This study suggests that China's regional air pollution would greatly benefit from BC emission reductions, especially those from the elevated sources from the chimneys and also the domestic combustions in rural areas, through weakening the aerosol-boundary layer 25 interactions that triggered by BC.

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“…Excessive OC and EC concentrations can adversely affect human health, visibility, climate, materials, and biotic systems U.S.EPA, 2012;Eklund et al, 2014;Grahame et al, 2014). Brown carbon (BrC) (Andreae and Gelencser, 2006;Moosmüller et al, 2011), which absorbs light more efficiently at shorter visible wavelengths (400 to 700 nm) than BC, has become an important research topic because it is an indicator of biomass burning and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and differs from BC in its effects on radiative transfer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Calibration and Equivalence of a Multiwavelength Thermal/Optical Carbon Analyzer

Chow

Wang

Sumlin

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

Self Cite

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Organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) are operationally-defined by the measurement process, so long-term trends may be interrupted with instrumentation changes. A modification to the U.S. IMPROVE carbon analysis protocol and hardware is examined that replaces the 633 nm laser light used for OC charring adjustments with seven wavelengths ranging from 405 to 980 nm, including one at 635 nm. Reflectance (R) and Transmittance (T) values for each wavelength are made traceable to primary standards through transfer standards consisting of a range of aerosol deposits on filter media similar to that of the analyzed samples. R and T values are assigned to these filters using a UV/VIS spectrometer calibrated with these standards. Using ambient and source (e.g., diesel exhaust, flaming biomass, and smoldering biomass) samples, it is demonstrated that R and T calibration is independent of the sample type. Total carbon (TC), OC, and EC comparisons with the earlier hardware design for urban-and non-urban samples demonstrate equivalence, within precisions derived from replicate analyses, for the 633 nm and 635 nm wavelengths. Several uses of the additional multiwavelength information are identified, including: 1) ground-truthing of multi-spectral remote sensors; 2) improving estimates of the Earth's radiation balance; 3) associating specific organic compounds with their light absorption properties; and 4) appropriating sources of black and brown carbon.

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Public health and components of particulate matter: The changing assessment of black carbon

Cited by 26 publications

References 111 publications

Dome effect of black carbon and its key influencing factors: a one-dimensional modelling study

Dome effect of black carbon and its key influencing factors: a one-dimensional modelling study

Dome effect of black carbon and its key influencing factors: A one-dimensional modelling study

Optical Calibration and Equivalence of a Multiwavelength Thermal/Optical Carbon Analyzer

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