Public Health Economic Burden Associated with Two Single Measles Case Investigations — Colorado, 2016–2017

Modeling and Controlling Epidemic Outbreaks: The Role of Population Size, Model Heterogeneity and Fast Response in the Case of Measles

“…Equations (12)- (14) describe the final size of the outbreak, C. Here, Z(t) was the number of cases reported on day t. We then found the time, t, which gave us the first reported case of the outbreak (min t : Z(t) ≥ 1 ). Thus, on day τ, ε days after the first reported case, public health authorities stopped the spread of the outbreak by coordinating various activities such as press releases about the index case, isolation, school closures, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) administration [56]. The coordination of these activities generally takes time [56], thus we used a lag term, ε, to account for the delay.…”

“…Thus, on day τ, ε days after the first reported case, public health authorities stopped the spread of the outbreak by coordinating various activities such as press releases about the index case, isolation, school closures, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) administration [56]. The coordination of these activities generally takes time [56], thus we used a lag term, ε, to account for the delay. The lesser the value of ε meant the faster public health response.…”

“…We gathered daily reporting probabilities based on studies about the underreporting of measles in other developed countries [54,59,60]. We found the delay in the reporting and the public health action from two case studies of measles in Colorado, U.S. [56]. For the baseline of the mixing parameter we chose 5, the middle value of the range, which was [0, 1] and for the lag between the first reported case in the other subgroup and stopping, we chose five days.…”

Vaccination Policies and Disease Incidence Across the Pond: Implications for the United States

“…Importantly, these types of financial penalties may also be fair because it is clear that persons unvaccinated by parental choice place an unneeded financial burden on our health care system. [7][8][9] A limitation is that this study was limited to European Union member states, Norway, and Iceland, which leaves out several European countries that have had high rates of measles in recent years (Ukraine, in particular). 10 A strength of the study was adjusting for several covariates likely to impact vaccination uptake to better understand the consequences of these policies.…”

Measles in Returning Adult Travelers

“… 3 Therefore, measles should be included in the differential diagnosis of fever and rash syndromes in returning travelers to avoid outbreaks and associated economic costs of outbreak control. 4 …”