Public health implication towards rabies elimination in Sri Lanka: A systematic review

Kanda, Koji; Jayasinghe, Amila; Jayasinghe, Chandrika; Yoshida, Toshihide

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106080

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…These efforts have resulted in a decline in human deaths from hundreds in the 1970s to 31 in 2021. However, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented financial crisis in 2021, and major sociopolitical strife have impacted the public health budgetary allocation for rabies, leading to a shortage in PEP for the foreseeable future (Kanda et al 2021 ). At least 28 people succumbed to rabies last year.…”

Section: Progress and Attempted Quick Returns In The Face Of Recurren...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite preliminary progress, basic animal control requires a major reset in Haiti (Kunkel et al 2021 ). In Sri Lanka, where a prepandemic prevention and control program made significant headway, elimination no longer appears imminent (Kanda et al 2021 ). Indirectly, the enactment of COVID-19-associated global lockdowns might have temporarily reduced the incidence of dog bites, but supply chain interruptions also affected the availability of biologics and quality of medical care, including the threat of counterfeit vaccines (Henson et al 2020 ; Saleem et al 2021 ; Siddiqui et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rabies in a postpandemic world: resilient reservoirs, redoubtable riposte, recurrent roadblocks, and resolute recidivism

et al. 2023

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Rabies is an ancient disease. Two centuries since Pasteur, fundamental progress occurred in virology, vaccinology, and diagnostics—and an understanding of pathobiology and epizootiology of rabies in testament to One Health—before common terminological coinage. Prevention, control, selective elimination, and even the unthinkable—occasional treatment—of this zoonosis dawned by the twenty-first century. However, in contrast to smallpox and rinderpest, eradication is a wishful misnomer applied to rabies, particularly post-COVID-19 pandemic. Reasons are minion. Polyhostality encompasses bats and mesocarnivores, but other mammals represent a diverse spectrum of potential hosts. While rabies virus is the classical member of the genus, other species of lyssaviruses also cause the disease. Some reservoirs remain cryptic. Although global, this viral encephalitis is untreatable and often ignored. As with other neglected diseases, laboratory-based surveillance falls short of the notifiable ideal, especially in lower- and middle-income countries. Calculation of actual burden defaults to a flux within broad health economic models. Competing priorities, lack of defined, long-term international donors, and shrinking local champions challenge human prophylaxis and mass dog vaccination toward targets of 2030 for even canine rabies impacts. For prevention, all licensed vaccines are delivered to the individual, whether parenteral or oral–essentially ‘one and done’. Exploiting mammalian social behaviors, future ‘spreadable vaccines’ might increase the proportion of immunized hosts per unit effort. However, the release of replication-competent, genetically modified organisms selectively engineered to spread intentionally throughout a population raises significant biological, ethical, and regulatory issues in need of broader, transdisciplinary discourse. How this rather curious idea will evolve toward actual unconventional prevention, control, or elimination in the near term remains debatable. In the interim, more precise terminology and realistic expectations serve as the norm for diverse, collective constituents to maintain progress in the field.

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Section: Progress and Attempted Quick Returns In The Face Of Recurren...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies in a postpandemic world: resilient reservoirs, redoubtable riposte, recurrent roadblocks, and resolute recidivism

et al. 2023

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“…This is likely due to delayed data updates and poor surveillance as well as inadequate rabies control and prevention activities in many countries. Limited data updates and poor surveillance are considered administrative barriers to the health and animal sector, along with inadequate capacity of rabies diagnostic laboratories and lack of political interest in rabies control [ 20 ]. The collection and publication of accurate epidemiological data will not only allow us to understand the current status of rabies elimination in each country but also to evaluate the effectiveness of the various measures that have been implemented to date.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a paucity of integrated data has been reported in many parts of the world due to the poor understanding of the importance of surveillance, the variety of its system in each country and region, and/or limited staff and institutional capacity for testing, including a partial collaboration between human and animal sectors [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Inadequate data management has become a barrier to the development and implementation of effective rabies control policies and strategies, despite extensive control efforts such as canine vaccination and animal birth control [ 18 , 20 ]. The third objective is mainly focused on key stakeholders’ consistent engagement in rabies elimination and effective use of financial and other resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Regional Analysis of the Progress of Current Dog-Mediated Rabies Control and Prevention

Kanda

Jayasinghe

et al. 2022

Pathogens

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This study aimed to assess the current progress of dog-mediated rabies control and the level of political commitment among 88 rabies-endemic countries and to provide further recommendations for the elimination of dog-mediated rabies by 2030. A correlational study was conducted using data and relevant regulations from the websites of international organizations and NGOs. In general, rabies was yet to be considered a priority disease and only one out of five countries and territories has prepared a national strategic plan for rabies control and prevention. Likewise, scores of dog-mediated rabies control indicators such as dog vaccination rate and the number of post-exposure prophylaxis per 1000 people remained minimal. There were also regional differences in preparation for dog-mediated rabies control and progress towards elimination. In particular, more efforts are needed for Pan-African Rabies Control Network (PARACON) member countries. In order to meet the goal of global dog-mediated zero rabies by 2030, both dog-mediated rabies control activities such as dog vaccination and strong political commitment should be strengthened and promoted in all rabies-endemic regions of the world.

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“…The pandemic exacerbated the issue of vaccine disinformation and misinformation. Sri Lanka, an Asian country endemic with HR, has seen a significant decrease in human rabies deaths over the last four decades, from a peak of 377 cases in the 1970s to 31 in 2020 6 , 24 . Despite this progress, the COVID-19 vaccine was not administered to individuals receiving the anti-rabies vaccine, and vice versa, due to health workers’ reluctance to enroll patients in vaccination programs in Sri Lanka.…”

Section: Covid-19 Impact On Post-exposure Prophylaxis Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

Human Rabies during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights into Rabies Worldwide and Brazil

Farias,

Caminha,

Perdigão Neto

et al. 2024

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Human Rabies (HR) is a fatal zoonotic disease caused by lyssaviruses, with the rabies virus (RABV) identified as the causative agent. While the incidence of HR transmitted by dogs has decreased in Latin America, there has been a corresponding rise in transmission via wild animals. Given the lack of effective treatments and specific therapies, the management of HR relies on the availability of post-exposure prophylaxis and animal control measures. This review examines the dynamics and spread of HR during the global pandemic.

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Public health implication towards rabies elimination in Sri Lanka: A systematic review

Cited by 11 publications

References 76 publications

Rabies in a postpandemic world: resilient reservoirs, redoubtable riposte, recurrent roadblocks, and resolute recidivism

Rabies in a postpandemic world: resilient reservoirs, redoubtable riposte, recurrent roadblocks, and resolute recidivism

A Regional Analysis of the Progress of Current Dog-Mediated Rabies Control and Prevention

Human Rabies during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights into Rabies Worldwide and Brazil

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