Public investment in care services in Turkey: Promoting employment &amp; gender inclusive growth

Kim, Ki-Jong; İlkkaracan, İpek; Kaya, Tolga

doi:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2019.05.002

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…According to the World Bank [46], in 2019, the female labour participation rate is under 35% compared to 78% among men in Turkey. However, these statistics do not account for informal and undocumented work arrangements and other dynamics, such as internal and international migration, in shaping the availability of the informal/family LTC network [8].…”

Section: Welfare Model and Ltc Provision In Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such reliance is not sufficient to meet increasing LTC demands due to a range of factors, including the ability, and availability, of such informal spheres of care to provide adequate support [1,3,4,7]. The state is under increasing pressures to develop proper strategies and support mechanisms, including resources and services, to meet increasing LTC and health demands associated with population ageing [8]. Furthermore, older people's opportunities to meaningfully participate in various economic and societal activities are currently minimal, requiring further developments [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Evidence Review of Ageing, Long-Term Care Provision and Funding Mechanisms in Turkey: Using Existing Evidence to Estimate Long-Term Care Cost

Ismail

Hussein

2021

Sustainability

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Turkey is transitioning from an ageing to aged population at a fast pace. This process requires immediate policy and practice planning and actionable strategies. Formulating and implementing such policies needs to acknowledge parallel demographic and socio-economic changes to ensure adequate resources and appropriate services are developed to enhance the growing older population’s quality of life and wellbeing. Limited long-term care (LTC) provision, funding mechanisms and reliance on informal support primarily provided by women pose considerable challenges to all stakeholders, including the state, families and older people. This paper provides an evidence review on older people's status and their health and care needs, current LTC policies, provision and funding mechanisms in Turkey. It employs a mixed review methodology, making use of published statistics, indicators and literature. The study also adapts existing LTC funding estimation models to predict LTC cost for Turkey. The review highlights the increasing share of older people in Turkey, the fast pace of population ageing, and escalating health and LTC unmet needs. Older people are reported to have high levels of depression, loneliness and co-morbidity with regional, gender and educational differentials. The Turkish LTC and welfare models rely on the family, particularly women, in meeting increased demand. A hierarchical model with random intercept was implemented and estimated the LTC cost in Turkey to be 0.02% of GDP, acknowledging the high proportion of people at labour participation age range and low female employment levels.

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Section: Welfare Model and Ltc Provision In Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evidence Review of Ageing, Long-Term Care Provision and Funding Mechanisms in Turkey: Using Existing Evidence to Estimate Long-Term Care Cost

Ismail

Hussein

2021

Sustainability

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“…Then, the influence on employment will also be balanced by the existence of a remuneration system, as well as the development of environmental aspects (Ioan, 2014). The study is complemented by research (i.e., Kim et al, 2019;Soto, 2009;Sasaki, 2015), which states that a link between economic growth and employment can be realized when the factor of education, fiscal policy (Doménech et al, 2018), and the balance between job seekers based on gender can be realized ideally. This is also recognized by improving the quality of services and the effect of dollarization on state policy.…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Indonesia Economics Works: Correlation Analysis of Macroeconomics in 2010 - 2019

Olilingo¹,

Putra²

2020

JAFEB

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The purpose of this study is to provide benefits and ethically-rooted managerial implications based on theoretical underpinnings through an empirical study using correlation between wages, bank credit, government expenditure on economic growth, and employment via a case study in Indonesia. Besides that, managerial implications strive to provide benefits to the government regarding the importance of establishing effective and pro-development regulations to realize economic growth and employment through the efficient role of wages, bank credit, and government spending. This study uses secondary macroeconomic data from the period 2010-2019 with analysis using the correlation test with the Pearson correlation method. Out of eight hypotheses tested, two hypotheses do not have a significant correlation. The details of the statistical results obtained the following correlations: the correlation between bank credit and wages has a significant, but indirect (negative) correlation. However, the correlation between bank credit and economic growth has a direct and significant (positive) correlation. Government expenditure correlates positively with wages, but correlates negatively with bank credit. Wages are positively correlated with economic growth, but have no significant effect on employment. Finally, economic growth has a positive correlation with government expenditure, but does not have a significant correlation with employment.

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“…Other authors have used input-output methodology to study patterns in specific forms of labor and in different contexts: Forssell (1990) studies changes in the use of labor in Finland by education levels; Gregory et al (2001) analyses the effect of growth in domestic demand, international trade and technological change in the skill structure of employment in UK; Schaffer (2007Schaffer ( , 2008 considers gender patterns in German labor markets; Belegri-Roboli et al (2011) use it to study the determinants of labor productivity change in Greece; Tin (2014) to analyze the sources of labor growth in the Malaysian manufacturing sector; Danchev et al (2014) for the analysis of the Greek labor market following the 2008 crisis; Simas et al (2014) to quantify the extent of the bad labor footprint associated with final demand; Salgueiro et al (2016) to examine employment rates by level of education; Carrascal (2017) for a study of youth employment in European countries; Rueda-Cantuche and Sousa (2017) to study women's share in export-related employment in the EU; Saraçoglu et al (2018) to analyze the effect of changes in trade patterns in women's sectoral employment in 30 countries for the period 1995-2011; Simas and Wood (2018) to evaluate the impact of European household consumption on domestic and foreign labor, Duarte et al (2019) to quantify the change in female employment rates in Spain, Kim et al (2019) and De Henau and Himmelweit (2020) to compute the gender effect on employment brought about by public investment in care services.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Great Crisis on Sectoral Female Employment in Europe: A Structural Decomposition Analysis

Barba

Apezteguía

2020

Economies

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Sectoral gender segregation in labor markets is a fact. This paper examines the female distribution of employment by sectors in the EU 28, thereby contributing to the literature on the effects of the recession and subsequent austerity measures on female employment. An input-output model and structural decomposition analysis are used to assess the contribution of factors such as technological change, productivity change and final demand change. The latter had a positive impact over the period of analysis by creating new job opportunities for women, especially in the public service sectors, whereas productivity growth had a negative impact, particularly in the private service sectors. These changes have resulted in a reduction in the level of gender sectoral segregation; change in household expenditure again is the main driver of this reduction. Changing trends in labor requirements and gross capital formation have the opposite effect; thus, these trends increase the level of sectoral segregation.

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Public investment in care services in Turkey: Promoting employment & gender inclusive growth

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

An Evidence Review of Ageing, Long-Term Care Provision and Funding Mechanisms in Turkey: Using Existing Evidence to Estimate Long-Term Care Cost

An Evidence Review of Ageing, Long-Term Care Provision and Funding Mechanisms in Turkey: Using Existing Evidence to Estimate Long-Term Care Cost

How Indonesia Economics Works: Correlation Analysis of Macroeconomics in 2010 - 2019

Effect of the Great Crisis on Sectoral Female Employment in Europe: A Structural Decomposition Analysis

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