Public Management, Private Management and Collective Action in the Portoviejo River Basin: Visions and Conflicts

Abstract

<jats:p>Agricultural policies show an orientation in the management of natural resources, such as water, towards specialized production for world markets. This is promoting models of private use against those of common use. The objective of this research is to evaluate the transformations in the institutional framework associated with the change of vision of water and the pressures created on peasant communities that culturally maintain socio-ecological systems. Based on Ostrom’s methodological proposals for the governance of common goods, a case study of the Rio Portoviejo Basin (Ecuador) was carried out. The three developed management models are analyzed: public, private and community. Evidence is provided that the community model is more equitable, efficient and sustainable. The way in which the extension of the market model, which conditions agricultural activity to profitability, is weakening the networks of peasant communities is also studied. In this context, the correlation between the loss of the traditional agrarian culture and the environmental degradation of the area is observed.</jats:p>

Network of Landscapes in the Sustainable Management of Transboundary Biosphere Reserves

“…This implies recognizing the importance of having a transdisciplinary research framework [35], and considering, among other aspects, multifunctionality in rural systems [36,37], ecosystem services [38,39], the integration of the rhythms of human and natural systems [40], and bioregionalism [41,42]. In the stages of landscape change, such as the current one, the ELC particularly emphasizes observing socio-ecological systems (SESs) [43,44], the stimulation of social capital through participatory networks such as the ones found in Ostrom's theoretical proposal [45,46], and TEK [47]. It also promotes access to economic schools of thought that recognize development based on cultures that have shown to have an adaptive capacity to the limitations of the natural environment.…”