Public opinion of organ donation: a survey in <scp>I</scp>ran

Broumand, Mohammadali; Parsapoor, Alireza; Asghari, Fariba

doi:10.1111/ctr.12001

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In a cross-sectional survey of 125 family members of potential organ donors under brain death criteria conducted in Southern Iran between 2009 and 2010, a majority (58.4%) of families refused organ donation, 30.1% of which did so based on a belief in the possibility of a miracle and the recovery of the patient 19. Similar beliefs about recovery were reported in a study conducted in India,39 a qualitative study in Sweden,53 a study of university students47 and a study of the Iranian public 44…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Two additional articles assessing knowledge of brain death's legal connection to death similarly reported that a minority of the study population was able to identify brain death as the legal equivalent of death 48 49. In one Iranian study, 61.2% did not know if laws existed on organ donation in Iran; 21.1% incorrectly believed there were no laws regulating organ donation 44. One study published in 1985 (and possibly conducted before the Uniform Definition of Death Act) found that 55.1% of individuals thought brain death should be the legal definition of death 50.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A narrative review of the empirical evidence on public attitudes on brain death and vital organ transplantation: the need for better data to inform policy

2014

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Vital organ transplantation is premised on 'the dead donor rule': donors must be declared dead according to medical and legal criteria prior to donation. However, it is controversial whether individuals diagnosed as 'brain dead' are really dead in accordance with the established biological conception of death-the irreversible cessation of the functioning of the organism as a whole. A basic understanding of brain death is also relevant for giving valid, informed consent to serve as an organ donor. There is therefore a need for reliable empirical data on public understanding of brain death and vital organ transplantation. We conducted a review of the empirical literature that identified 43 articles with approximately 18,603 study participants. These data demonstrate that participants generally do not understand three key issues: (1) uncontested biological facts about brain death, (2) the legal status of brain death and (3) that organs are procured from brain dead patients while their hearts are still beating and before their removal from ventilators. These data suggest that, despite scholarly claims of widespread public support for organ donation from brain dead patients, the existing data on public attitudes regarding brain death and organ transplantation reflect substantial public confusion. Our review raises questions about the validity of consent for vital organ transplantation and suggests that existing data are of little assistance in developing policy proposals for organ transplantation from brain dead patients. New approaches to rigorous empirical research with educational components and evaluations of understanding are urgently needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A narrative review of the empirical evidence on public attitudes on brain death and vital organ transplantation: the need for better data to inform policy

2014

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“…In spite of valid scientific and theological objections, many Sunni and Shiite scholars continue to espouse the permissibility of end-of-life organ donation [71,72]. One implication of reinterpreting religious text for the benefit of a utilitarian transplantation practice is that religion’s primary value, ie, the sanctity of life and human dignity is being violated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a subsequent survey of religious officials, Tarhan et al reported 92% had favorable views to organ donation [74]. Nondisclosure of the medical, legal, and religious controversies about the death criteria and organ donation was a common theme in public surveys [27-29,71,72,74,75]. Surveyors did not discern willingness to organ donation if the death criteria were inconsistent with the Islamic moral code.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moral code in Islam and organ donation in Western countries: reinterpreting religious scriptures to meet utilitarian medical objectives

Rady

Verheijde

2014

Philos Ethics Humanit Med

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End-of-life organ donation is controversial in Islam. The controversy stems from: (1) scientifically flawed medical criteria of death determination; (2) invasive perimortem procedures for preserving transplantable organs; and (3) incomplete disclosure of information to consenting donors and families. Data from a survey of Muslims residing in Western countries have shown that the interpretation of religious scriptures and advice of faith leaders were major barriers to willingness for organ donation. Transplant advocates have proposed corrective interventions: (1) reinterpreting religious scriptures, (2) reeducating faith leaders, and (3) utilizing media campaigns to overcome religious barriers in Muslim communities. This proposal disregards the intensifying scientific, legal, and ethical controversies in Western societies about the medical criteria of death determination in donors. It would also violate the dignity and inviolability of human life which are pertinent values incorporated in the Islamic moral code. Reinterpreting religious scriptures to serve the utilitarian objectives of a controversial end-of-life practice, perceived to be socially desirable, transgresses the Islamic moral code. It may also have deleterious practical consequences, as donors can suffer harm before death. The negative normative consequences of utilitarian secular moral reasoning reset the Islamic moral code upholding the sanctity and dignity of human life.

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“…It is also data collected after the new national regulations governing compensated organ donation were fully implemented and includes donor interviews done in six transplant regions instead of just at one hospital in Shiraz. Iranians have written papers based on interviews with living organ donors, but none focused on the question of exploitation other than Zargooshi, and his data were collected even before Tober's (1989–2000) (Broumand, Parsapoor, & Asghari, ; Farahani & Esmaeili, ; Zargooshi, , ). Furthermore, none of the raw data (recordings or field notes) are publically available for any of these authors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing an Exploitation/Fair Dealings Scale for Evaluating Living Organ Donor Policies Using Iran as the Test Case

Fry‐Revere¹,

Chen²,

Bastani³

et al. 2018

World Med & Health Policy

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This article presents a tool for evaluating whether living organ donor systems are exploitive or fair to donors. The exploitation/fair dealing scale introduced in this article relies on broadly accepted notions of exploitation and fair dealing from U.S. bioethics literature and U.S. jurisprudence. The 10‐factor/14‐point scale derived from those concepts is then applied to Iran as an illustrative example. It is our hope that the scale will be useful for evaluating living organ donor policies around the world.

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Public opinion of organ donation: a survey in Iran

Abstract: There should be simple processes for the public to declare their decision about organ donation in case of brain death. People should be encouraged to communicate their wishes with others so that family members can decide about their organ donation more easily.

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

A narrative review of the empirical evidence on public attitudes on brain death and vital organ transplantation: the need for better data to inform policy

A narrative review of the empirical evidence on public attitudes on brain death and vital organ transplantation: the need for better data to inform policy

The moral code in Islam and organ donation in Western countries: reinterpreting religious scriptures to meet utilitarian medical objectives

Introducing an Exploitation/Fair Dealings Scale for Evaluating Living Organ Donor Policies Using Iran as the Test Case

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