“…We derived relevant benefit categories from GI literature, e.g., vertical and horizontal integration, higher or better accepted quality standards, social learning processes (Sanz-Cañada and Macias-Vázquez, 2005; Giovannucci et al, 2009, 2010; Reviron and Chappuis, 2011; Coulet, 2012; Bagal et al, 2013; Barjolle, 2016), but we excluded benefits that would result from the actual use of the GI (e.g., price premiums, rural development benefits). In the action arena analysis and as explanatory variable of efforts, we also included risks linked to possible failures of the collective GI registration process (unsolvable conflicts, lack of information, unclear regulation) (Barjolle and Sylvander, 2000; Ilbery and Kneafsey, 2000; Giovannucci et al, 2009, 2010; Coulet, 2012; Rangnekar and Mukhopadhyay, 2016). However, we excluded post-registration risks that affect the GI use (e.g., inadequate consumer knowledge of the GI).…”