Public Response to a Near‐Miss Nuclear Accident Scenario Varying in Causal Attributions and Outcome Uncertainty

Cui, Jinshu; Rosoff, Heather; John, Richard S.

doi:10.1111/risa.12920

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The definition of near-miss in Section 3.1 shows that the causation factors of near-misses are similar to the ones of accidents. It is also verified in other studies [64][65][66][67]. The opportunity factor is the only difference between near-misses and accidents.…”

Section: Near-miss Causation Modelsupporting

confidence: 80%

Exploring the Potential Use of Near-Miss Information to Improve Construction Safety Performance

Zhou

Li²,

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Construction project management usually has a high risk of safety-related accidents. An opportunity to proactively improve safety performance is with near-miss information, which is regarded as free lessons for safety management. The research status and practice; however, presents a lack of comprehensive understanding on what near-miss information means within the context of construction safety management. The objective of this study is to fill in this gap. The main findings enrich the comprehensive understanding of the near-miss definition, the near-miss causation model, and the process of near-miss management. Considering that near-misses are more tacit and obscure than accidents, the process for near-miss management involves eight stages: discovery, reporting, identification, prioritization, causal analysis, solution, dissemination, and evaluation. The first three stages aim to make near-misses explicit. The other five are adopted to better manage near-miss information, compiled in a well-designed near-miss database (NMDB). Finally, a case study was conducted to show how near-miss information can be utilized to assist in construction safety management. The main potential contributions here are twofold. Firstly, corresponding findings provide a knowledge framework of near-miss information for construction safety researchers who can go on to further study near-miss management. Secondly, the proposed framework contributes to the guidance and encouragement of near-miss practices on construction sites.

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Section: Near-miss Causation Modelsupporting

confidence: 80%

Exploring the Potential Use of Near-Miss Information to Improve Construction Safety Performance

Zhou

Li²,

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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show abstract

“…Cambraia et al [18] defined a near-miss as an unanticipated event that requires a rapid burst of energy and may end in an accident. Williamsen [40] stated that near-misses occur when there are no injuries, property damage, or other proof that they had taken place.…”

Section: Near-miss Incidents In the Construction Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Miss Detection Metrics: An Approach to Enable Sensing Technologies for Proactive Construction Safety Management

Hashmi,

Hassan,

Zubair

et al. 2024

Buildings

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One in every five occupational deaths occurs in the construction sector. A proactive approach for improving on-site safety is identifying and analyzing accident precursors, such as near-misses, that provide early warnings of accidents. Despite the importance of near-misses, they are frequently left unreported and unrecorded in the construction sector. The adoption of modern technologies can prevent accidents by automated data collection and analysis. This study aims to develop near-miss detection metrics to facilitate the automated detection of near-misses through sensors. The study adopted a mixed method approach including both qualitative and quantitative approaches. First, a quantifiable definition of near-misses was developed from the literature. Hazards, accidents, and the causes of accidents were identified. Through empirical and statistical analyses of accidents from the OSHA repository, combinations of unsafe acts and conditions responsible for a near-miss were identified. The identified factors were analyzed using a frequency analysis, correlation, and a lambda analysis. The results revealed twelve significant near-misses, such as A1—approach to restricted areas and C2—unguarded floor/roof openings, A5—equipment and tool inspection was incomplete and C8—unsafely positioned ladders and scaffolds, A2—no or improper use of PPE and C2—unguarded floor or roof openings, etc. Lastly, measurable data required by sensors for autonomous detection of near-misses were determined. The developed metric set the basis for automating near-miss reporting and documentation using modern sensing technology to improve construction safety. This study contributes to improving construction safety by addressing the underreporting of near-miss events. Overall, the developed metrics lay the groundwork for enhancing construction safety through automated near-miss reporting and documentation. Furthermore, it helps for the establishment of safety management schemes in the construction industry, specifically in identifying near-misses. This research offers valuable insight into developing guidelines for safety managers to improve near-miss reporting and detection on construction sites. In sum, the findings can be valuable for other industries also looking to establish or assess their own safety management systems.

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“…The concept of a near-miss in risk perception has been used to explain how people respond to events that could have happened, but by chance did not. This framework has been used in risk perception research addressing avoidance and mitigation responses in disaster management (Cui, Rosoff, & John, 2018;Dillon & Tinsley, 2008;Dillon, Tinsley, & Burns, 2014;Dillon, Tinsley, & Cronin, 2011;Dupey & Smith, 2019;Madsen, Dillon, & Tinsley, 2016;Phimister, Oktem, Kleindorfer, & Kunreuther, 2003;Tiller & Bliss, 2017).…”

Section: Near-miss Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Determinants of Target Shifting and Deterrence in an Analog Cyber‐Attack Game

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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This study examines how exploiting biases in probability judgment can enhance deterrence using a fixed allocation of defensive resources. We investigate attacker anchoring heuristics for conjunctive events with missing information to distort attacker estimates of success for targets with equal defensive resources. We designed and conducted a behavioral experiment functioning as an analog cyber attack with multiple targets requiring three stages of attack to successfully acquire a target. Each stage is associated with a probability of successfully attacking a layer of defense, reflecting the allocation of resources for each layer. There are four types of targets that have nearly equal likelihood of being successfully attacked, including one type with equally distributed success probabilities over every layer and three types with success probabilities that are concentrated to be lowest in the first, second, or third layer. Players are incentivized by a payoff system that offers a reward for successfully attacked targets and a penalty for failed attacks. We collected data from a total of 1,600 separate target selections from 80 players and discovered that the target type with the lowest probability of success on the first layer was least preferred among attackers, providing the greatest deterrent. Targets with equally distributed success probabilities across layers were the next least preferred among attackers, indicating greater deterrence for uniform‐layered defenses compared to defenses that are concentrated at the inner (second or third) levels. This finding is consistent with both attacker anchoring and ambiguity biases and an interpretation of failed attacks as near misses.

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Public Response to a Near‐Miss Nuclear Accident Scenario Varying in Causal Attributions and Outcome Uncertainty

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Exploring the Potential Use of Near-Miss Information to Improve Construction Safety Performance

Exploring the Potential Use of Near-Miss Information to Improve Construction Safety Performance

Near-Miss Detection Metrics: An Approach to Enable Sensing Technologies for Proactive Construction Safety Management

Behavioral Determinants of Target Shifting and Deterrence in an Analog Cyber‐Attack Game

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