Public Stigma of COVID-19 and Its Correlates in the General Population of China

Zhang, Tianming; Qi, Fang; Yao, Hao; Ran, Mao‐Sheng

doi:10.3390/ijerph182111718

Cited by 25 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Third, the public stigma of the ICC was stronger for participants in their 60s than for participants in their 20s. The results are consistent with the results of a past study [ 54 ]. Stigmatization evoked by public stigma occurs more strongly among people holding collectivistic values than among people holding individualistic values [ 74 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Age Differences in Psychological Antecedents and Behavioral Consequences of Stigmatization Associated with COVID-19 among Koreans

Kang

2022

IJERPH

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The first goal of this study is to develop a conceptual model of the causal relationship between psychological antecedents (internal attribution, anger, dangerousness, fear) of stigmatization, stigmatization (public stigma, anticipated stigma), and the behavioral consequences (compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines, COVID-19 testing intention) of stigmatization associated with COVID-19. The second goal of the study is to investigate the age differences in the conceptual model between younger and older adults unconfirmed with COVID-19 in Korea. After building the model based on previous studies, an online survey was conducted with Koreans in their 20s (n = 300, females: 50%) and 60s (n = 300, females: 50%) who had not been confirmed with COVID-19. The results revealed that for participants in their 20s and 60s, their internal attribution of COVID-19 infection to individuals confirmed with COVID-19 enhanced their anger at the individuals. Afterward, their anger increased their anticipated stigma of being confirmed with COVID-19 through enhancing the public stigma of the individuals confirmed with COVID-19. Unexpectedly, the fear of individuals confirmed with COVID-19 elicited by the dangerousness of the individuals had no effect on the public stigma of the individuals among participants in their 20s and 60s. The fear directly enhanced their compliance with the COVID-19 prevention guidelines. Next, for participants in their 20s, their anticipated stigma increased their compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines, but not their COVID-19 testing intention. However, the anticipated stigma did not affect both the compliance with the COVID-19 prevention guidelines and COVID-19 testing intention among participants in their 60s. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Additionally, older adult IUCC may hold stronger public stigma associated with COVID-19 than younger adult IUCC [ 54 ]. This is because the cultural orientation of older adult IUCC is more collectivistic than the cultural orientation of younger adult IUCC [ 55 ].…”

Section: Conceptual Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age Differences in Psychological Antecedents and Behavioral Consequences of Stigmatization Associated with COVID-19 among Koreans

Kang

2022

IJERPH

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“…Few studies have addressed COVID-19-related public stigma in the general population owing to the lack of a validated tool. These studies have shown that COVID-19-related public stigma is a common phenomenon in several countries [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Similar to our study, the prevalence of moderate and high degrees of COVID-19-related public stigma accounts for more than half of the surveyed population in many countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities and Factors Associated with Coronavirus Disease-2019-Related Public Stigma: A Cross-Sectional Study in Thailand

Ruengorn

Awiphan

Phosuya

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related public stigma is a major challenge, with scarce available evidence. This study aimed to determine the disparities and factors associated with COVID-19-related public stigma in the Thai population. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving a voluntary online survey in Thailand from 21 April 2020 to 4 May 2020. We invited 4004 participants to complete a series of questionnaires, including the validated COVID-19 public stigma scale and questions on relevant COVID-19-related psychosocial issues. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to investigate the factors associated with COVID-19-related public stigma. The prevalence of COVID-19-related public stigma was 24.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.2–26.2) for no/minimal, 35.5% (95% CI, 33.4–37.6) for moderate, and 40.3% (95% CI, 38.2–42.4) for high. We observed disparities in the prevalence of COVID-19-related public stigma according to participant characteristics and psychosocial factors. Using the no/minimal group as a reference group, the six predominant risk factors significantly associated with a moderate and high degree of COVID-19-related public stigma were middle-aged or older adults, male, divorced/widowed/separated, current quarantine status, moderate/severe fear of COVID-19, and medium/high perceived risk of COVID-19. Additional risk factors significantly related to a high degree of COVID-19-related public stigma were religion (Buddhist), region of residence (non-capital city), and exposure to COVID-19-related information. Disparities in COVID-19-related public stigma due to sociodemographic and psychosocial issues are frequent in the Thai population. To reduce public stigmatization, early identification of vulnerable groups and the development of tailored mitigation strategies should be implemented during the pandemic.

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“…The comparison group wasn't representative of the general population either, especially regarding the sex ratio (77% women). Female preponderance happens to be common in online surveys where participation is based on a voluntary commitment; recent online surveys regarding COVID-19 (Sulistyawati et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021) as well as surveys conducted within the ASD population (Scattoni et al, 2021) have reported similar imbalance towards women. Second, due to the time-sensitive aspect of the research and lockdown circumstances, all data were self-reported.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of COVID‐related lockdown on sleep–wake rhythms in adults with autism spectrum disorder compared to the general population

et al. 2022

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COVID-related lockdown led to a radical modification of daily activities and routines which are known to affect sleep. Compared to the general population, participants with autism may be particularly vulnerable to the repercussions of lockdown on sleep, given their intrinsic inflexible adherence to routines and the high overall prevalence of sleep disturbances in this population. The study is a French nation-wide online survey assessing sleep-wake rhythms and behaviors known to affect sleep (daily screen time, daylight exposure, and physical activity), before and during COVID-related lockdown. Respondents were 207 adults with autism (56% female) and 1652 adults of the general population (77% female), with a mean age 35.3 years (SD 11.3). Before lockdown, the adults with autism displayed on average later bedtime and waking hours, lower sleep quality, more evening screen time, less exposure to daylight, and less exercise (all p < 0.01). Lockdown affected all studied measures of sleep and related exposures in a similar way in both groups: poorer self-rated sleep quality as well as a less regular and delayed sleep-wake rhythm, longer screen time in the evening and less exposure to daylight (all p < 0.001). Adults with autism displayed significantly higher levels of sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances and less favorable daily routines known to regulate sleep. While the effect of confinement on sleep and sleep related behaviors was similar in both groups, the results highlight that the preexisting shift in circadian rhythms and lifestyles in adults with ASD further deteriorated during lockdown. Lay abstract: COVID-related lockdown led to a radical modification of daily activities and routines known to affect sleep. In a sample of 1800 adults, we observed that, before lockdown, participants with autism displayed significantly higher levels of sleep disturbances and less favorable daily routines known to regulate sleep, compared to the general population. While the deleterious effect of lockdown on sleep was similar in both groups, pre-existing difficulties in adults with autism reached worrying levels during lockdown. K E Y W O R D S autism spectrum disorder, circadian rhythm, insomnia, sleep, sleep hygiene Eve Reynaud and Julien Pottelette are co-first authors. Romain Coutelle and Carmen M. Schröder are co-last authors.

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Public Stigma of COVID-19 and Its Correlates in the General Population of China

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

Age Differences in Psychological Antecedents and Behavioral Consequences of Stigmatization Associated with COVID-19 among Koreans

Age Differences in Psychological Antecedents and Behavioral Consequences of Stigmatization Associated with COVID-19 among Koreans

Disparities and Factors Associated with Coronavirus Disease-2019-Related Public Stigma: A Cross-Sectional Study in Thailand

Differential effects of COVID‐related lockdown on sleep–wake rhythms in adults with autism spectrum disorder compared to the general population

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