World university rankings are critical for prospective students, faculty members, and policymakers evaluating HEIs based on various ranking indicators. The author adopted a mixed-methods study design where a narrative review was carried out to describe three ranking methodologies (i.e., THE, QS, and ARWU), including HEIs' challenges in the ranking process. The identified challenges include limited research funding, scarcity of top-tier faculty, balancing quantity & quality of research publications, publishing in high-impact journals, building international research networks, enhancing academic and employer reputations, maintaining optimal student-faculty ratios, and acquiring necessary data for rankings. In addition, an autoethnographic approach was adopted to identify strategies to improve universities' ranking performance, with a focus on enhancing research outputs, expanding international research networks, improving teaching and learning environments, strengthening reputation and addressing operational challenges centered around managing ranking data.