“…13 Just as the focus on place moved from "center-periphery models" to "multimodal networks of interactions between sites" in histories of science, according to Michael Worboys, 14 so too have studies of formal scientific literature exchanges shown the ebb and flow of publications through space and time, through shared sites of distribution after readers' initial acquisition of books from publishers and retailers. 15 General book history studies have also recently revealed that publications circulated in ways independent of commercial networks established by metropolitan printers, publishers, and booksellers. 16 In related fields of historical enquiry, this focus on circulation, movement, and exchange in global processes that are not contained within nations is known as transnationalism.…”