Published Case Studies of Waterborne Disease Outbreaks—Evidence of a Recurrent Threat

Hrudey, Steve E.; Hrudey, Elizabeth J.

doi:10.2175/106143006x95483

Cited by 99 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…People use the municipal supplied this water source (WASA in case of Dhaka city) not only for drinking but also for other domestic usages. Unfortunately, often this water supply system gets vigorously contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms resulting in water borne disease complications (1,4). An important aspect must be considered in this aspect that a major fraction of the city's sewage systems remains untreated which in turn crosscontaminate the ground waters and the surface waters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assessment of microbiological quality of municipal supplied water within Dhaka Metropolis assay Ease of access to safe water supply is one of the most important determinants of public health status (1,2). Stipulation of the safe state of drinking water underlies the condition when it is free from pathogenic microorganisms and detrimental chemicals with a pleasant taste and clear appearance (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Assessment of microbiological quality of municipal supplied water within Dhaka Metropolis

2015

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Microbiological health risks related to water quality are persisting issues especially in the developing countries. Present study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological quality of municipal supply water of a defined region within Dhaka metropolis, Bangladesh. A total of 20 water samples were collected from 10 selected pump stations and 10 different consuming points to examine the burden of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Citrobactor spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio spp. The study also included the evaluation of impacts due to the consumption of municipal water. The results revealed that the quality of municipal supplied water was not microbiologically safe for the consumers and also demonstrated the possible commencement of various diseases including diarrhoea, typhoid, dysentery and others. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v4i1.22758 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.4(1) 2014: 28-30

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of microbiological quality of municipal supplied water within Dhaka Metropolis

2015

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“…Social and behavioral factors underpinned by complacency contributed to the Walkerton tragedy in Ontario, Canada in May 2000 when Escherichia coli O157:H7 entered the water system and led to the deaths of seven people and made over 2300 people ill (Huck et al, 2003). Hrudey and Hrudey (2007) analyzed the cause of 74 recent waterborne outbreaks across the world and identified the major contributing factors to these incidents as insufficient source water knowledge, lack of disinfection, and operational deficiencies, which suggests that adequate operator training could have potentially prevented these outbreaks. Ercumen et al (2014) examine the correlation between water distribution systems and gastrointestinal illnesses and conclude that operational deficiencies result in significant increase of gastrointestinal illnesses among users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Operational Characteristics of Small Non-Community Drinking Water Systems and Adverse Water Quality Incidents in Southern Ontario, Canada

Sekercioglu¹

2018

Appl. Ecol. Env. Res.

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Sekercioglu et al.: Relationship between operational characteristics of small non-community drinking water systems and adverse water quality incidents in Southern Ontario, Abstract. Ensuring that water sources are safe by protecting them from disease causing organisms is integral for the continued health of people as drinking contaminated water leads to waterborne diseases which can be life-threatening. The purpose of this study is to examine small non-community drinking water systems' (SDWSs) operational characteristics and their relationships with adverse water quality incidents (AWQIs) which is defined as presence of total coliforms and/or Escherichia coli. We explored the relationship between operational characteristics of SDWSs and the occurrence of adverse water quality outcomes using de-identified data provided by Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health, Ontario. We examined the associations between water system operational characteristics and the adverse water quality outcome using logistic regression models. The analyses results indicated that operator training was associated with a lower risk for AWQI. None of the other predictors were significantly associated with AWQI: treatment method, water source, operating period, or sampling frequency. Our research concluded that the presence of operator training, an upstream behavioural determinant, is related to the incidence of AWQIs in SDWSs in Ontario, Canada. The high percentage of SDWSs with no treatment and lack of interest in testing for chemicals are potential areas of concern for ensuring the provision of safe drinking water from these systems.

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“…Hrudey and Hrudey (2007) reviewed 73 documented outbreaks from the past 30 years to determine the major contributing factors. In all cases, more than one factor was involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Technologies For On-Line Monitoring of Drinking Water Distribution Systems

Ghazali

McBean

2009

JWMM

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Increased risks of drinking water contamination are incentives for implementation of improved monitoring approaches for pathogens in drinking water distribution systems. However, indirect measurements such as pH, and turbidity to detect pathogens do not guarantee the safety of drinking water because pathogens, and especially protozoa and viruses, are not well correlated to these indirect measures. Routine methods for culturing indicator micro-organisms need considerable time and hence do not provide significant value for real-time monitoring efforts. Review of currently available technologies (spectral fluorescence laser technology, image processing technology, multi-angle light scattering laser technology, on-line chemical characterization system, decision support monitoring system, and rapid response tests for total micro-organisms and toxicity) for real-time and/or rapid pathogen detection, demonstrates there is no single instrument currently available. The most effective approach currently available is demonstrated to involve the identification of the presence of a pathogen, and the instigation of collection of a sample for more detailed analyses for confirmation.

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Published Case Studies of Waterborne Disease Outbreaks—Evidence of a Recurrent Threat

Cited by 99 publications

References 108 publications

Assessment of microbiological quality of municipal supplied water within Dhaka Metropolis

Assessment of microbiological quality of municipal supplied water within Dhaka Metropolis

Relationship Between Operational Characteristics of Small Non-Community Drinking Water Systems and Adverse Water Quality Incidents in Southern Ontario, Canada

Current Technologies For On-Line Monitoring of Drinking Water Distribution Systems

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