Published Papers, Tacit Competencies and Corporate Management of the Public/Private Character of Knowledge

Hicks, Diana

doi:10.1093/icc/4.2.401

Cited by 320 publications

(249 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A solution for this dilemma is the application of empirical 89 evidence extracted from the contents of scientific and technical articles that are authored industrial researchers and published in the peer-reviewed international scientific and technical journals. Although companies may publish for a large variety of reasons (TIJSSEN, 2004), one of which is to leverage results of their research as an interface to the global research community (HICKS, 1995), in most cases these articles reflect knowledge creation and knowledge transfer processes within corporate research labs. 1 The affiliate addresses of the author(s) listed on these research articles enable comparative analyses at the level of individual companies and their countries of location (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research cooperation within the bio-pharmaceutical industry: Network analyses of co-publications within and between firms

2007

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Bio-pharmaceutical R&D is increasingly an international affair. Research articles published in the peer-reviewed international scientific and technical journals represent quantifiable research outputs of bio-pharmaceutical firms. Large-scale systemic measurements of worldwide trends and sectoral patterns within bio-pharmaceutical science can be gauged from these articles, where coauthored research papers are assumed to reflect research cooperation and associated knowledge flows and exchanges. We focus our attention on the largest science-based multinational enterprises (MNEs), those that produce relatively large quantities of research articles. The study deals with the worldwide output of research articles that are co-produced by corporate researchers during the years 1996-2001.We employ these publications to examine structural factors characterizing research cooperation networks within industry at the level of major geographical regions (North America, Europe, Pacific-Asia), with a breakdown by within-MNE and between-MNE network linkages. The descriptive statistics on publication output and results of network analyses of co-publication linkages not only indicate regional differences, with a central role for US companies in biopharmaceutical research, but also a variety of firm-specific research cooperation networks which enabled us to develop a tentative typology of MNEs in terms of their intra-and interorganizational patterns of research cooperation linkages. C. CALERO et al.: Bio-pharmaceutical industry 88Scientometrics 71 (2007)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research cooperation within the bio-pharmaceutical industry: Network analyses of co-publications within and between firms

2007

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“…Knowledge can also be disclosed with the intention to implement a technology as a standard (Spencer, 2003) or to achieve compatibility with interdependent products (Cusumano and Gawer, 2002). Scientific publications can further be used as a means to increase firm reputation (Hicks, 1995), to motivate researchers in the private sector (Henderson and Cockburn, 1994) and to attract the best employees (MacMillon and Hamilton, first example refers to the combination of a patent and a scientific non-patent document and the second example refers to a patent family. Hence, we can assume that if a corporate publication is blocking most likely a patent document is the reference that it is combined with.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time after which the invention occurs is ex-ante unknown and depends largely on the inventors' investment in research and 1 Merges (2004) and Maurer (2002) discuss defensive publishing in the context of genomics (see also Eisenberg, 2000). Examples of firms being highly active in publishing technical advances are IBM, Philips, Hitachi, ICI, Ciba, Siemens, Sandoz, Roche, Hoechst and Toshiba (Hicks, 1995). In the technology field of computer science, IBM and AT&T each published more than Stanford and MIT together in the period [1991][1992][1993][1994][1995][1996][1997][1998][1999][2000][2001].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corporate Science in the Patent System: An Analysis of the Semiconductor Technology

Malva

Hussinger

2010

SSRN Journal

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Die Dis cus si on Pape rs die nen einer mög lichst schnel len Ver brei tung von neue ren For schungs arbei ten des ZEW. Die Bei trä ge lie gen in allei ni ger Ver ant wor tung der Auto ren und stel len nicht not wen di ger wei se die Mei nung des ZEW dar.Dis cus si on Papers are inten ded to make results of ZEW research prompt ly avai la ble to other eco no mists in order to encou ra ge dis cus si on and sug gesti ons for revi si ons. The aut hors are sole ly respon si ble for the con tents which do not neces sa ri ly repre sent the opi ni on of the ZEW.Download this ZEW Discussion Paper from our ftp server:ftp://ftp.zew.de/pub/zew-docs/dp/dp10098.pdf Non-technical SummaryCorporate scientific publications are often presented as a strategic means for firms to create prior art with the objective to prevent rivals from patenting related inventions. This defensive disclosure strategy has attracted the attention of academic scholars in the field of law, economics and management science. The academic literature has developed different answers to the question why firms engage in defensive publishing at the costs of forgoing the right to exclude third parties from using the invention by applying for a patent. One stream of the literature, mainly put forward by economic scholars, analyzes defensive publishing in the context of patent race models. In these models, the laggard in the race has incentives to publish preliminary results that are not patentable in order to prolong the patent race. Scholars in law and management science consider open disclosure as a complementary strategy to patenting. The latter perspective finds partial confirmation in interviews with patent experts in the corporate sector, while the patent race model is largely rejected by practitioners. Both streams of the literature assume that corporate publications enter the pool of prior art which is relevant to judge the novelty of patent applications at the patent office and that they have the power to block or hinder patent applications. This proposed mechanism behind corporate publications as a means to preempt patents on related technologies so far lacked empirical evidence.This paper provides a first (large-scale) analysis of the effectiveness of corporate scientific publications regarding their power to block rivals' patents. With focus on the semiconductor technology we show that scientific publications by corporations challenge the novelty and the inventive step of patent applications at the European Patent Office (EPO) significantly more than other pieces of prior art. Hence, we show that the mechanism behind the concept of defensive publishing works. Further, detailed information from the EPO patent examination procedure allows us to show that corporate publications threaten the novelty of patent applications in combination with other pieces of prior art, like patents, rather than as standalone documents. This supports the view of practitioners and scholars in law and management science who argue that corporate scientific publishing can be an...

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“…Studies by Matthiessen & Schwarz (1999), van Noorden (2010), ), Bornmann & Waltman (2011), and Bornmann, Leydesdorff, Walch-Solimena, & Ettl (2011 also confirm the unique position held by large cities in international science. According to other scholars, leading multinational companies (MNCs), especially those which operate in researchintensive industries, also publish a great number of scientific articles (Chang, 2014;Csomós & Tóth, 2016;Csomós, 2017;Godin, 1996;Halperin & Chakrabarti, 1987;Hicks, Ishizuka, Keen, & Sweet, 1994;Hicks, 1995). MNCs are generally far more diversified than universities; this 5 There are debates surrounding whether China is still a developing country.…”

Section: Selection Methodology Of Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Publisher’s note

Csomós

2017

Journal of Informetrics

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Published Papers, Tacit Competencies and Corporate Management of the Public/Private Character of Knowledge

Cited by 320 publications

References 15 publications

Research cooperation within the bio-pharmaceutical industry: Network analyses of co-publications within and between firms

Research cooperation within the bio-pharmaceutical industry: Network analyses of co-publications within and between firms

Corporate Science in the Patent System: An Analysis of the Semiconductor Technology

Publisher’s note

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