Publisher’s Note: Probing Weak Forces in Granular Media through Nonlinear Dynamic Dilatancy: Clapping Contacts and Polarization Anisotropy [Phys. Rev. Lett.<b>92</b>, 085502 (2004)]

Tournat, Vincent; Zaitsev, Vladimir Yu.; Gusev, V.; Назаров, В. Е.; Béquin, Philippe; Castagnède, Bernard

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.92.099903

Cited by 18 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…The applied unconventional technique exploits the intrinsic selective sensitivity of the nonlinearity-induced components of the probing acoustic signal to weakest contacts [22][23][24][25][26], making it an ideal tool to investigate these phenomena. In addition, this technique allowed us to reveal that such weak-contact rearrangements continue after the avalanche, suggesting that the time needed to obtain a truly equilibrium state even in small granular piles is of the order of tens of minutes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pre-avalanche structural rearrangements in the bulk of granular medium: Experimental evidence

et al. 2008

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Granular avalanches are typical threshold-type phenomena implying the loss of stability of granular packings when their slope exceeds a critical angle. Detection of avalanche precursors is important for both basic studies and numerous applications. In this respect, only surface observations are presently available, whereas other known techniques are not suitable to detect internal pre-avalanche rearrangements expected from physical considerations and numerical simulations. Here, we report the first experimental evidence of avalanche precursors and the long-lasting post-avalanche rearrangements in the bulk of 3D granular packings. We use an original nonlinear-acoustic probing methodology which is selectively sensitive to the state of weakest intergrain contacts. This methodology allowed us to clearly detect transient pre-avalanche rearrangements of the weak-contact network. Those rearrangements get stronger and exhibit quasi-periodicity closer to the avalanche triggering, whereas the statistics of the sounding signal amplitude shows clear transition from Gaussian to power law behavior.

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confidence: 99%

Pre-avalanche structural rearrangements in the bulk of granular medium: Experimental evidence

et al. 2008

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“…This behavior originates from the amplitude dynamics of the self-demodulation effect in the nonlinear granular powder layer placed in the device. At vanishing excitation amplitudes, the self-demodulated energy is shown to be quadratic in excitation energy [22]. For higher excitation amplitudes, a 3/2 power law, due to the appearance of the clapping phenomenon between contacts, has been reported, in saturating towards a near linear trend line (power 1) for higher amplitudes where nonlinear dissipation is expected to exert influence [22].…”

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confidence: 94%

“…1(a), the wave, launched from the left side, first excites the nonlinear granular medium, which converts part of the initial acoustic energy to lower frequencies through the self-demodulation effect (a frequency-down conversion by means of difference-frequency generation) [22]. At the interface between the granular medium and the multilayer PC, the initial signal and the nonlinearly selfdemodulated signal are both present.…”

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Asymmetric Acoustic Propagation of Wave Packets Via the Self-Demodulation Effect

et al. 2015

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This article presents the experimental characterization of nonreciprocal elastic wave transmission in a single-mode elastic waveguide. This asymmetric system is obtained by coupling a selection layer with a conversion layer: the selection component is provided by a phononic crystal, while the conversion is achieved by a nonlinear self-demodulation effect in a 3D unconsolidated granular medium. A quantitative experimental study of this acoustic rectifier indicates a high rectifying ratio, up to 10 6 , with wide band (10 kHz) and an audible effect. Moreover, this system allows for wave-packet rectification and extends the future applications of asymmetric systems.Over the past decade, the development of asymmetric systems operating on acoustic waves has proven to be a real challenge given the numerous applications both in optics and for radio-waves [1]. Research on unidirectional transmission devices for acoustic and elastic waves, i.e. permitting the wave energy to pass through in one direction but not the other, has led to applications, such as energy control, energy harvesting or accumulation, the transistor effect, logic gates and the memory effect for thermal devices [2][3][4][5], as well as to operations on signals and data, e.g. the optical device proposed in [6][7][8]. These advances have been able to dramatically improve: comfort in noisy environments, the stealth of noisy or soundreflecting objects, and the quality of non-destructive testing or medical imaging with ultrasound [9-11]. Moreover, they have made positive contributions to features like shock protection and interface identification [12].It has been clearly recalled in recent articles that to obtain an asymmetric transmission of waves capable of replicating the effect of an isolator, the reciprocity of a wave needs to be broken [1,13]. To achieve this reciprocity break, most widely known solutions consist of using nonlinearity, breaking the time invariance of the system by modulating some of its properties over time, or else biasing the system with a vectorial field [14,15] whose effect differs between forward and backward propagation (e.g. the magnetic field for the Faraday isolator [1]). In acoustics, asymmetric systems relying on nonlinearity have been based, for example, on the second harmonic generation [16,17] or the bifurcation process [18]. In both cases, the system is composed of a nonlinear medium (bubbly water) [16] or localized nonlinear element (a nonlinear defect in the granular chain) [18], thus converting the acoustic energy into different frequencies than the emitted one. Futhermore, a selection layer opaque to the initially emitted frequencies is laid out on one side of the nonlinear frequency converter; this might consist of a phononic crystal with a forbidden band gap. In one propagation direction, the emitted wave impinges the selection layer and is nearly totally reflected. In the other direction, the emitted frequencies are altered in the nonlinear medium and, provided an appropriate design, transmitted through the select...

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“…Additional factors, e.g., microfriction and/or adhesion phenomena [1] at the contacts or their clapping can make this nonlinearity nonanalytic. For example, "clapping" nonlinearity of Hertzian contacts is diod like with local stress proportional to the power 3/2 of strain [5,6]. This makes it impossible to approximate the stress-strain relationship σ(ε) by a power series expansion (a) E-mail: vyuzai@hydro.appl.sci-nnov.ru σ(ε) = M (ε + βε 2 /2 + .…”

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Microstructure-induced giant elastic nonlinearity of threshold origin: Mechanism and experimental demonstration

Zaitsev¹,

Dyskin²,

Pasternak³

et al. 2009

Europhys. Lett.

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There are known numerous examples of strong physical nonlinearity of elastic microinhomogeneous materials caused by the presence of a small amount of a “soft” component (cracks, intergrain contacts, bubbles, etc.). The dimensionless parameter B/A of quadratic nonlinearity for such materials can be on the order of 102–103 in contrast to values on the order of unity typical of ideal crystals, homogeneous amorphous solids or liquids. The sign of this nonlinearity is such that all those materials become stiffer as pressure increases. We consider an extension of this “soft-rigid paradigm” of the nonlinearity increase by accounting for threshold-type properties intrinsic to some inclusions. We show that the nonlinearity in this case can additionally be orders of magnitude higher. We present an example of such a material which unlike “normal” media becomes softer with increasing pressure. Its quasistatic negative parameter B/A reaches ∼(0.5–1)·105, which to our knowledge is a record value.

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Publisher’s Note: Probing Weak Forces in Granular Media through Nonlinear Dynamic Dilatancy: Clapping Contacts and Polarization Anisotropy [Phys. Rev. Lett.92, 085502 (2004)]

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Pre-avalanche structural rearrangements in the bulk of granular medium: Experimental evidence

Pre-avalanche structural rearrangements in the bulk of granular medium: Experimental evidence

Asymmetric Acoustic Propagation of Wave Packets Via the Self-Demodulation Effect

Microstructure-induced giant elastic nonlinearity of threshold origin: Mechanism and experimental demonstration

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