Puccinia triticina effector protein Pt_21 interacts with wheat thaumatin-like protein TaTLP1 to inhibit its antifungal activity and suppress wheat apoplast immunity

Wang, Fei; Shen, Songsong; Cui, Zhongchi; Shi-tao, Yuan; Qu, Peng; Jia, Hui; Meng, Linshuo; Hao, Xiaoyu; Liu, Daqun; Ma, Lisong; Wang, Haiyan

doi:10.1016/j.cj.2023.04.006

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In this study, DAB staining of rosette leaves and stem leaves has revealed that the ROS levels in OE- PtTLP6 transgenic lines are higher than in WT plants ( Figure 7 A,C). A recent study has shown that overexpression of TaTLP 1 in wheat regulates the activity of ROS-related enzymes and increases the expression of ROS burst-related genes [ 49 ]. It is well known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce programmed cell death and apoptosis [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification of TLP Gene Family in Populus trichocarpa and Functional Characterization of PtTLP6, Preferentially Expressed in Phloem

Guo,

Ma,

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) in plants are involved in diverse biotic and abiotic stresses, including antifungal activity, low temperature, drought, and high salinity. However, the roles of the TLP genes are rarely reported in early flowering. Here, the TLP gene family was identified in P. trichocarpa. The 49 PtTLP genes were classified into 10 clusters, and gene structures, conserved motifs, and expression patterns were analyzed in these PtTLP genes. Among 49 PtTLP genes, the PtTLP6 transcription level is preferentially high in stems, and GUS staining signals were mainly detected in the phloem tissues of the PtTLP6pro::GUS transgenic poplars. We generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the PtTLP6 gene, and its overexpression lines showed early flowering phenotypes. However, the expression levels of main flowering regulating genes were not significantly altered in these PtTLP6-overexpressing plants. Our data further showed that overexpression of the PtTLP6 gene led to a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in Arabidopsis, which might advance the development process of transgenic plants. In addition, subcellular localization of PtTLP6-fused green fluorescent protein (GFP) was in peroxisome, as suggested by tobacco leaf transient transformation. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive analysis of the TLP gene family in Populus and an insight into the role of TLPs in woody plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification of TLP Gene Family in Populus trichocarpa and Functional Characterization of PtTLP6, Preferentially Expressed in Phloem

Guo,

Ma,

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…Pt13024 was shown to suppress programmed cell death and trigger the accumulation of ROS and callose deposition [56]. The recently characterized wheat leaf rust fungus effector, Pt_21, was found to suppress host defense responses by directly targeting wheat TaTLP1 and inhibiting its anti-fungal activity [57]. This clearly demonstrates that the secreted effectors enhance pathogenicity by manipulating the functions of the host plant targets or suppressing the host defense responses by either functioning as enzymes or through other roles.…”

Section: Penetration and Colonization Of Wheat By Ptmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A recent transcriptome analysis of Lr19-virulent mutants identified eight secreted proteins that were AvrLr19 candidates [54]. Although various candidate secreted effector proteins have been identified, only a few Pt effectors have been successfully cloned (Table 1), including Pt18906 [55], Pt13024 [56], and Pt_21 [57]. Pt13024 was shown to suppress programmed cell death and trigger the accumulation of ROS and callose deposition [56].…”

Section: Penetration and Colonization Of Wheat By Ptmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Underexplored Mechanisms of Wheat Resistance to Leaf Rust

Mapuranga,

Chang,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Plants

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Wheat leaf rust, caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Puccinia triticina Eriks. (Pt), is one of the most common wheat foliar diseases that continuously threatens global wheat production. Currently, the approaches used to mitigate pathogen infestation include the application of fungicides and the deployment of resistance genes or cultivars. However, the continuous deployment of selected resistant varieties causes host selection pressures that drive Pt evolution and promote the incessant emergence of new virulent races, resulting in the demise of wheat-resistant cultivars after several years of planting. Intriguingly, diploid wheat accessions were found to confer haustorium formation-based resistance to leaf rust, which involves prehaustorial and posthaustorial resistance mechanisms. The prehaustorial resistance in the interaction between einkorn and wheat leaf rust is not influenced by specific races of the pathogen. The induced defense mechanism, known as systemic acquired resistance, also confers durable resistance against a wide array of pathogens. This review summarizes the host range, pathogenic profile, and evolutionary basis of Pt; the molecular basis underlying wheat–Pt interactions; the cloning and characterization of wheat leaf rust resistance genes; prehaustorial and posthaustorial resistance; systemic acquired resistance; and the role of reactive oxygen species. The interplay between climatic factors, genetic features, planting dates, and disease dynamics in imparting resistance is also discussed.

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“…TaPR1 and TaTLP1 also have direct protein interaction in the extracellular space, positively regulating wheat resistance to leaf rust in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent and direct germicidal manner (Wang et al, 2022a). Leaf rust effector protein Pt_21 directly targets wheat TaTLP1 and inhibits host defense response by inhibiting the antifungal activity of TaTLP1 (Wang et al, 2023).…”

Section: Pr Genes Act As the Downstream Of Sarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of broad-spectrum disease resistance in wheat through key genes involved in systemic acquired resistance

Zhao,

Li,

Ren

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an inducible disease resistance phenomenon in plant species, providing plants with broad-spectrum resistance to secondary pathogen infections beyond the initial infection site. In Arabidopsis, SAR can be triggered by direct pathogen infection or treatment with the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA), as well as its analogues 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) and benzothiadiazole (BTH). The SA receptor non-expressor of pathogenesis-related protein gene 1 (NPR1) protein serves as a key regulator in controlling SAR signaling transduction. Similarly, in common wheat (Triticum aestivum), pathogen infection or treatment with the SA analogue BTH can induce broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust, Fusarium head blight, and other diseases. However, unlike SAR in the model plant Arabidopsis or rice, SAR-like responses in wheat exhibit unique features and regulatory pathways. The acquired resistance (AR) induced by the model pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 is regulated by NPR1, but its effects are limited to the adjacent region of the same leaf and not systemic. On the other hand, the systemic immunity (SI) triggered by Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis (Xtc) or Pseudomonas syringae pv. japonica (Psj) is not controlled by NPR1 or SA, but rather closely associated with jasmonate (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and several transcription factors. Furthermore, the BTH-induced resistance (BIR) partially depends on NPR1 activation, leading to a broader and stronger plant defense response. This paper provides a systematic review of the research progress on SAR in wheat, emphasizes the key regulatory role of NPR1 in wheat SAR, and summarizes the potential of pathogenesis-related protein (PR) genes in genetically modifying wheat to enhance broad-spectrum disease resistance. This review lays an important foundation for further analyzing the molecular mechanism of SAR and genetically improving broad-spectrum disease resistance in wheat.

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Puccinia triticina effector protein Pt_21 interacts with wheat thaumatin-like protein TaTLP1 to inhibit its antifungal activity and suppress wheat apoplast immunity

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

Genome-Wide Identification of TLP Gene Family in Populus trichocarpa and Functional Characterization of PtTLP6, Preferentially Expressed in Phloem

Genome-Wide Identification of TLP Gene Family in Populus trichocarpa and Functional Characterization of PtTLP6, Preferentially Expressed in Phloem

The Underexplored Mechanisms of Wheat Resistance to Leaf Rust

Enhancement of broad-spectrum disease resistance in wheat through key genes involved in systemic acquired resistance

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