Puerarin Alleviates LPS-Induced H9C2 Cell Injury by Inducing Mitochondrial Autophagy

Abstract

Sepsis leads to the damage of multiple organs, and thereby adversely affects the cardiovascular system. At present, no effective method has been found to treat myocardial injury caused by sepsis. Although Puerarin was reported to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mitochondrial injury in H9C2 cells, the effects of Puerarin in sepsis-induced myocardial injury remain unclear. In this study, H9C2 cells were stimulated with LPS, CCK-8 assays were performed to assess cell viability, and flow cytometry and TUNEL staining were used to assess cell apoptosis. Levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and enzyme activity were investigated using commercial kits. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in H9C2 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Autophagosomes in the mitochondria of H9C2 cells were observed by transmission electron microscope, and protein expression was assessed by western blotting. Furthermore, in vivo experiments were applied to test the function of Puerarin in sepsis. We found that Puerarin significantly reversed LPS-induced decreases in H9C2 cell viability by inhibiting apoptosis. The ROS levels in H9C2 cells were significantly upregulated by LPS, but that effect was markedly reduced by Puerarin. In addition, Puerarin attenuated LPS-induced mitochondrial injury in H9C2 cells by regulating dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitofusin 1 (MFN1). LPS decreased enzyme activity and reduced the levels of ADP, ALP, and AMP in mitochondria; however, those effects were reversed by Puerarin. Puerarin and Torin1 reversed LPSinduced inhibition of autophagy in the mitochondria of H9C2 cells via mediation of p62, LC3B, Pink1, and Parkin. Puerarin notably inhibited the progression of sepsis in vivo. Puerarin inhibited LPSinduced H9C2 cell injury by inducing mitochondrial autophagy, which acts as a mechanism for preventing myocardial injury caused by sepsis.

Quercetin Alleviates Inflammation and Energy Deficiency Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Chicken Embryos

“…When energy deficiency, nutrient deprivation, and inflammation occur, the energy-sensitive AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 genes can be activated [ 42 ]. A previous study indicated that the level of ATP, ADP, and AMP in myocardiocytes decreased after LPS induction [ 43 ]. In the present study, the energy-deficient state of the duodenum, cecum, and liver was induced by the LPS, stimulating an increase in AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 mRNA and protein expression, whereas quercetin significantly decreased this expression.…”