PUFchain 2.0: Hardware-Assisted Robust Blockchain for Sustainable Simultaneous Device and Data Security in Smart Healthcare

Bathalapalli, Venkata K. V. V.; Mohanty, Saraju P.; Kougianos, Elias; Baniya, Babu Kaji; Rout, Bibhudutta

doi:10.1007/s42979-022-01238-2

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In [40], the authors have proposed PUF-Chain, a private blockchain and PUF-based authentication protocol which uses both the secured database and the blockchain for the device authentication where the authors assumed that the content of the database is secured. In [41], the authors have proposed PUF-Chain 2.0 for the Internet of medical things (IoMT) device authentication in smart healthcare. PUF-Chain 2.0 uses MAC address of the device along with the PUF key for enhanced security of the devices.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the articles found in the literature concentrate on either device authentication or credentials security and not on both. 3) Some of the articles found in literature, [40], [41], [46] have used a secured database along with blockchain to store the authentication credentials of the device. There are high chances for an adversary to hack the database and manipulate or steal the data.…”

Section: A Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Private and consortium blockchain-based authentication protocol for IoT devices using PUF

Cunha,

Manjappa

2024

J. Commun. Netw.

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In this work, a static random access memoryphysical unclonable function (SRAM-PUF) based device security framework is proposed which uses the trending blockchain technology for securing the device credentials. The proposed framework produces a unique fingerprint called PUF key for each device based on its hardware characteristics which will act as an authenticating parameter for the devices during the authentication and re-authentication phase. The proposed work uses both consortium and private blockchains for storing device credentials and authentication, unlike the current trend of using either a secured database or only a public blockchain. The consortium blockchain is used for first-time authentication, while the private blockchain is used for repeated authentication which saves the time incurred in accessing the consortium blockchain during repeated authentication. The proposed protocol also includes mutual authentication between the entities involved and thus provides dual security (device authentication and mutual authentication) to the proposed protocol making the system more secure and robust against attacks. Security analysis of the proposed protocol is done using the Scyther tool and the protocol is also theoretically proven to be stable under various attacks using threat analysis and the real-or-random model (ROR). The performance analysis of the protocol is done by analyzing the computation and communication cost of the proposed protocol against other state-of-the-art protocols. Further, the proposed protocol is also evaluated in the blockchain testbed which includes Raspberry PI and Arduino components. The results conveyed that the introduction of a private blockchain reduces the time incurred in the device re-authentication.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Private and consortium blockchain-based authentication protocol for IoT devices using PUF

Cunha,

Manjappa

2024

J. Commun. Netw.

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“…IoMT devices are vulnerable to various types of physical attacks [11,12]. Cybersecurity solutions are often based on software-based approaches that work based on symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography schemes.…”

Section: Cybersecurity In Smart Healthcarementioning

confidence: 99%

PUFchain 3.0: Hardware-Assisted Distributed Ledger for Robust Authentication in Healthcare Cyber–Physical Systems

Bathalapalli,

Mohanty,

Kougianos

et al. 2024

Sensors

Self Cite

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This article presents a novel hardware-assisted distributed ledger-based solution for simultaneous device and data security in smart healthcare. This article presents a novel architecture that integrates PUF, blockchain, and Tangle for Security-by-Design (SbD) of healthcare cyber–physical systems (H-CPSs). Healthcare systems around the world have undergone massive technological transformation and have seen growing adoption with the advancement of Internet-of-Medical Things (IoMT). The technological transformation of healthcare systems to telemedicine, e-health, connected health, and remote health is being made possible with the sophisticated integration of IoMT with machine learning, big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and other technologies. As healthcare systems are becoming more accessible and advanced, security and privacy have become pivotal for the smooth integration and functioning of various systems in H-CPSs. In this work, we present a novel approach that integrates PUF with IOTA Tangle and blockchain and works by storing the PUF keys of a patient’s Body Area Network (BAN) inside blockchain to access, store, and share globally. Each patient has a network of smart wearables and a gateway to obtain the physiological sensor data securely. To facilitate communication among various stakeholders in healthcare systems, IOTA Tangle’s Masked Authentication Messaging (MAM) communication protocol has been used, which securely enables patients to communicate, share, and store data on Tangle. The MAM channel works in the restricted mode in the proposed architecture, which can be accessed using the patient’s gateway PUF key. Furthermore, the successful verification of PUF enables patients to securely send and share physiological sensor data from various wearable and implantable medical devices embedded with PUF. Finally, healthcare system entities like physicians, hospital admin networks, and remote monitoring systems can securely establish communication with patients using MAM and retrieve the patient’s BAN PUF keys from the blockchain securely. Our experimental analysis shows that the proposed approach successfully integrates three security primitives, PUF, blockchain, and Tangle, providing decentralized access control and security in H-CPS with minimal energy requirements, data storage, and response time.

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“…The PUF key's unpredictability is the indicator of equilibrium between the number of ones and zeros in a PUF key. A safe PUF module that can withstand extreme strength, as well as other critical guessing assaults, is one in which the PUF key contains an equal number of randomized zeros and ones [37].…”

Section: Randomnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

OCTOPUS: A Novel Approach for Health Data Masking and Retrieving Using Physically Unclonable Function and Machine Learning

Satra¹,

Sadhu²,

Yanambaka³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The health equipment are used to keep track of significant health indicators, automate health interventions, and analyze health indicators. People have begun using mobile applications to track health characteristics and medical demands because all devices are linked to high-speed internet and phones. Such a combination of smart devices, the internet, and mobile applications expands the usage of remote health monitoring through the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). The accessibility and unpredictable aspects of IoMT create massive security and confidentiality threats in IoMT systems. In this proposed paper - Octopus, Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have been used to provide privacy to the healthcare device by masking the data, and machine learning (ML) technique is used to retrieve the health data back and for reducing security breaches on networks. This technique has exhibited 99.45% accuracy, which proves that this technique could be used to secure health data with masking.

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PUFchain 2.0: Hardware-Assisted Robust Blockchain for Sustainable Simultaneous Device and Data Security in Smart Healthcare

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Private and consortium blockchain-based authentication protocol for IoT devices using PUF

Private and consortium blockchain-based authentication protocol for IoT devices using PUF

PUFchain 3.0: Hardware-Assisted Distributed Ledger for Robust Authentication in Healthcare Cyber–Physical Systems

OCTOPUS: A Novel Approach for Health Data Masking and Retrieving Using Physically Unclonable Function and Machine Learning

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