Pulmonary actinomycosis in a free-living black-tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicillata)

Sousa, Davi Emanuel Ribeiro de; Wilson, Taís Meziara; Machado, Mizael; Pereira, Alexandra A B G; Costa, Gabriela R. T.; Dutra, Valéria; Castro, Márcio Botelho de

doi:10.1007/s10329-018-00713-w

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Pulmonary actinomycosis has not been described in the koala previously, but the observed lesions were consistent with actinomycotic lesions observed in other species. 49,53…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pulmonary actinomycosis has not been described in the koala previously, but the observed lesions were consistent with actinomycotic lesions observed in other species. 49,53 Actinomyces is an anaerobic or facultative aerobic, grampositive, filamentous bacteria, which is non-spore forming and non-motile. 47 Actinomyces species can be found in normal healthy microbiota of the human oropharynx and gastrointestinal tract 55,60 and on nasal, oral, or oropharyngeal mucosal surfaces of other animals 15,47 and are most often associated with opportunistic infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…47 Actinomyces species can be found in normal healthy microbiota of the human oropharynx and gastrointestinal tract 55,60 and on nasal, oral, or oropharyngeal mucosal surfaces of other animals 15,47 and are most often associated with opportunistic infections. 47 Pulmonary actinomycosis is rare in animals but has been described in a small number of free-ranging species including 2 chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) 49 and a black-tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) 53 and in a captive red kangaroo (Osphranter rufus). 28 The pathogenesis of pulmonary actinomycosis in the koala is unknown and assumed to be non-contagious.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulmonary Actinomycosis in South Australian Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)

et al. 2021

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Pneumonia has been reported in both free-ranging and captive koalas and a number of causative agents have been described. Between 2016 and 2019, 16 free-ranging and 1 captive koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus) from the Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia were identified with pyogranulomatous lobar pneumonia, which involved the left caudal lobe in 14/17 (82%) cases. Within lesions, numerous gram-positive or gram-variable, non-acid-fast filamentous bacteria were observed in association with Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. Culture yielded growth of anaerobic bacteria, which were unidentifiable by MALDI-TOF-MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) analysis in 5/5 cases. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene identified a novel Actinomyces species in 4 samples, confirming a diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis. Concurrent examination of resin lung casts from healthy koalas suggested greater laminar flow of air to the left caudal lung lobe in koalas. Actinomyces spp. have been reported as commensals of the oral microbiome in other species, and an association with similar pulmonary lesions in other species. Considering the predilection for involvement of the left caudal lung lobe, aspiration is suggested as the likely cause in some cases of pulmonary actinomycosis in koalas. Pulmonary actinomycosis has not been previously described in koalas and further work needs to be undertaken in order to classify this organism within the Actinomyces genus.

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“…Pulmonary actinomycosis has not been described in the koala previously, but the observed lesions were consistent with actinomycotic lesions observed in other species. 49,53…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulmonary Actinomycosis in South Australian Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)

et al. 2021

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“…14 The pathogenesis of pulmonary actinomycosis in koalas is in need of further investigation, although aspiration is suspected. The pathogenesis is unknown for pulmonary actinomycosis in other wildlife species, including red kangaroo, 9 black-tufted marmoset 13 and chamois. 12 In humans, aetiology is suspected to be aspiration, with oral hygiene, alcoholism, smoking and underlying respiratory disorders as risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 ; and a wild brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) with a primary osteosarcoma involving the oesophageal wall. 11 Pulmonary actinomycosis is rare in free-ranging animals but has been described in non-marsupial species, including chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) 12 and a black-tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicillata), 13 without the sequelae of HO. In South Australia, pulmonary actinomycosis has recently been described in a case series of 17 koalas (Stephenson et al, accepted 2020 14 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Hypertrophic osteopathy in South Australian koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with concurrent pulmonary actinomycosis

et al. 2021

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Pulmonary actinomycosis is described in 17 South Australian koalas necropsied between 2016 and 2019. From these cases, four koalas had secondary hypertrophic osteopathy. Plain radiographical and computed tomography images demonstrated periosteal reaction on multiple appendicular skeletal bones in all cases, including scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, ilium, femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpus, metatarsus and phalanx. Grossly, periosteal surfaces of the metaphyses and diaphyses of long bones were thickened and roughened; microscopically, this was characterised by bi‐layered proliferation of well‐differentiated trabecular bony spicules oriented perpendicular to the cortex (pseudocortices) and separated by vascular connective tissue, typical for hypertrophic osteopathy. Well characterised in domestic species and rarely reported in marsupials, this is the first radiographical and pathological characterisation of hypertrophic osteopathy in koalas, associated with pulmonary actinomycosis in all cases.

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Pulmonary actinomycosis in a free-living black-tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicillata)

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Pulmonary Actinomycosis in South Australian Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Pulmonary Actinomycosis in South Australian Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Hypertrophic osteopathy in South Australian koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with concurrent pulmonary actinomycosis

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