Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis

Kimes, Kathryn E; Kasule, Sabirah N; Blair, Janis E.

doi:10.1055/s-0039-3400998

Cited by 10 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Exanthem may be seen during primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis; this includes transient maculopapular rashes and erythema nodosum. 15 Erythema nodosum has been shown to be a good prognostic sign. Disseminated coccidioidal disease may present with skin ulcers or granulomatous ulcers.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Coccidioidomycosis in the United States and Beyond

Bajwa

Rongkavilit

2020

Global Pediatric Health

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Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection that is prevalent in western United States, Central America, and South America. The infection is acquired by inhalation. It can affect persons of all ages including infants and children. The majority of cases are asymptomatic and the incidence of infection is greater during a dry summer season after heavy rainfall in prior winter. For those with symptoms, they may experience a self-limiting influenza-like illness. However, some may progress toward pneumonia or disseminated diseases involving skeletal system and central nervous system. The diagnosis is based mainly on various serology testing. Antifungal treatment is generally not required for those with mild symptoms. For those with moderate to severe infections, the mainstay of treatment is azole, with fluconazole being often considered as the first line therapy. Currently there is no effective solution to prevent coccidioidomycosis. Those who work in high-risk conditions should be given appropriate protective equipment as well as education on proper precaution.

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Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Coccidioidomycosis in the United States and Beyond

Bajwa

Rongkavilit

2020

Global Pediatric Health

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“…The incubation period for coccidioidomycosis ranges from 1 to 3 weeks [ 3 ]. Approximately 60% of primary infections are asymptomatic, with the other 40% demonstrating a range of symptoms, from mild flu-like to severe pulmonary or extrapulmonary infection [ 4 ]. Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis is a common manifestation in people with primary infection and often resolves with a residual pulmonary nodule or cavity; rarely, this infection manifests as a progressive pneumonia [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 60% of primary infections are asymptomatic, with the other 40% demonstrating a range of symptoms, from mild flu-like to severe pulmonary or extrapulmonary infection [ 4 ]. Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis is a common manifestation in people with primary infection and often resolves with a residual pulmonary nodule or cavity; rarely, this infection manifests as a progressive pneumonia [ 4 , 5 ]. Extrapulmonary dissemination can occur as a result of lymphatic spread outside of the lungs, and the burden of disease can be devastating [ 4 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis is a common manifestation in people with primary infection and often resolves with a residual pulmonary nodule or cavity; rarely, this infection manifests as a progressive pneumonia [ 4 , 5 ]. Extrapulmonary dissemination can occur as a result of lymphatic spread outside of the lungs, and the burden of disease can be devastating [ 4 , 6 ]. Common areas for dissemination are the central nervous system, bones, and joints, but virtually any tissue can be affected [ 4 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extrapulmonary dissemination can occur as a result of lymphatic spread outside of the lungs, and the burden of disease can be devastating [ 4 , 6 ]. Common areas for dissemination are the central nervous system, bones, and joints, but virtually any tissue can be affected [ 4 , 6 ]. Less than 1% of primary infection will disseminate [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coccidioidomycosis in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: Case Series and Review of the Literature

Saling

Gea‐Banacloche

Trickett

et al. 2021

JoF

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Coccidioides is an endemic fungus of the Southwest United States that causes the disease coccidioidomycosis. Immunocompromised persons are at increased risk for severe infection and dissemination. One such population is allogeneic bone marrow transplant (allo-HCT) recipients, but accounts of coccidioidal infection in these patients have rarely been documented. We present two cases of Coccidioides in allo-HCT recipients with good outcomes: one patient who developed pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in the late post-engraftment phase and another with known controlled disseminated infection at the time of transplant. A review of the literature identified 19 allo-HCT recipients with coccidioidomycosis. Due to the limited published literature, no guidelines have yet been established regarding optimal prophylaxis and treatment of Coccidioides infection in allo-HCT recipients. Candidates for transplantation should undergo a rigorous pre-transplant assessment to identify evidence of prior or active coccidioidomycosis. In our experience, patients who visit or live in Coccidioides-endemic areas should receive primary prophylaxis for at least the first 100 days post-transplant, and duration should be extended as long as the patient remains on immunosuppression. Those with prior infection should receive secondary prophylaxis while immunosuppressed. Patients with active infection should have treatment and stabilization of infection and continue anti-fungal treatment through immunosuppression.

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