Pulmonary function, activated T cells, peripheral blood eosinophilia, and serum activity for eosinophil survival in vitro: A longitudinal study in bronchial asthma

Virchow,; Oehling,; Boer,; Hansel,; Werner, V.; Matthys,; Blaser,; Walker, Trent

doi:10.1053/ai.1994.v94.a55250

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…whereas allergic rhinitis appears to be associated with skin-test reactions to common aeroallergens independently of the serum IgE level [32,33]. Moreover blood eosinophil counts reflect the degree and extent of inflammation in the asthmatic lung, and in asthmatic patients, their blood levels correlate with bronchial hyperreactivity [34][35][36][37][38], Some people appear to have airway hyperresponsiveness only episodically, whereas in others, it is persistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐specific airway hyperresponsiveness in mono‐sensitive Sicilian patients with allergic rhinitis. Its relationship to total serum IgE levels and blood eosinophils during and out of the pollen season

Lorenzo¹,

Mansueto²,

Melluso³

et al. 1997

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that Parietaria is more important than Olea and Gramineae as a risk for developing non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness. On the whole, present observations provide further evidence that there is an interrelationship of allergen kind, total serum IgE, eosinophil and bronchial hyperresponsiveness suggesting that they may play a role in the development of bronchial asthma in rhinitis patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐specific airway hyperresponsiveness in mono‐sensitive Sicilian patients with allergic rhinitis. Its relationship to total serum IgE levels and blood eosinophils during and out of the pollen season

Lorenzo¹,

Mansueto²,

Melluso³

et al. 1997

Clin Experimental Allergy

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“…Besides the local airway inflammation, CD4 þ T cells are known to be strongly involved in the systemic initiation and perpetuation of the disease [1]. CD4 þ Th2 lymphocytes orchestrate the allergen-induced airway inflammation via production of the specific cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13 [2,3], whereas the Th1 cytokine interferon-g (IFN-g) is mainly released upon stimulation of the immune system with microbes or under autoimmune conditions [4]. The differentiation of naïve CD4 þ T cells into Th2 cells occurs under antigen-specific stimulation and is specifically mediated by the transcription factor GATA-3 [5], whereas T-bet is the key transcription factor for Th1 cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Altitude Climate Therapy Reduces Local Airway Inflammation and Modulates Lymphocyte Activation

Karagiannidis¹,

Hense

Rueckert³

et al. 2006

Scand J Immunol

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High-altitude climate therapy is a well-established therapeutic option, which improves clinical symptoms in asthma. However, little is known about the underlying immunological mechanisms. The study investigates the influence of high-altitude climate therapy on airway inflammation and cellular components of specific and unspecific immune response. Exhaled NO significantly decreased within 3 weeks of therapy in patients with allergic and intrinsic, moderate and severe asthma. Interleukin-10 (IL-10)-secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) increased within 3 weeks of therapy in six of 11 patients, whereas transforming growth factor-b 1 -secreting PBMC remained stable. Furthermore, monocyte activation, assessed by CD80 expression significantly decreased during therapy. The frequency of CRTH2-expressing T cells decreased, while regulatory T cells (T reg ) remained stable. FOXP3 and GATA-3 mRNA expression in CD4 þ T cells did not change, while interferon-g and IL-13 mRNA expression decreased in eight of 10 patients. The current data demonstrate that high-altitude climate therapy reduces local airway inflammation. Furthermore, monocytes switch towards a tolerogenic phenotype under high-altitude climate therapy. The T reg /Th2 ratio increases; however, because of the absence of antigens/allergens, no de novo differentiation of Th2 nor T reg cells is observed. The high-altitude climate therapy therefore may form the immunological basis for the endogenous control of allergen-driven diseases.

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“…In asthma, the degree of airflow obstruction as well as the response to therapy has been associated with eosinophil activation as well as the concentrations of toxic cationic proteins derived from eosinophils [17], and there is an inverse relationship between pulmonary function and indices of asthmatic inflammation such as activated T lymphocytes, eosinophil numbers and Th2 cytokines such as IL-5 [18]. …”

Section: Comparative Pathology: Similarities and Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Asthma of the Esophagus?

Virchow¹

2014

Dig Dis

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The question whether eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) might be an ‘asthma of the esophagus' is reasonable. There are a number of similarities between the two diseases: EoE and asthma, as well as other atopic diseases, are frequently associated and have a number of similarities in their pathogenesis. Thus, investigating differences and similarities between the diseases might be a worthwhile endeavor. Both EoE and asthma are chronic immune-mediated conditions characterized by inflammatory changes in the mucosa and submucosa with a characteristic and diagnostic infiltration of eosinophils. They result in organ dysfunction with considerable morbidity and (in the case of asthma) even mortality. Asthma and EoE affect all ages, but frequently start in childhood or adolescence. While asthma has seen a large increase in its prevalence in the past 50 years, EoE was first described in the 1970s. Since then the frequency of the diagnosis of EoE has increased significantly. The prevalence for both diseases seems to be highest in the Western world. In contrast to asthma, where females are more often affected, EoE is more frequent in males. Asthma in children, however, is also more common in boys, but this changes after puberty. EoE is frequently associated with asthma, and up to 80% of patients with EoE are atopic, similar to childhood asthma. Adult-onset asthma is not necessarily associated with atopy (termed intrinsic asthma) and similar observations have been made for EoE. Endoscopically, asthmatic airway mucosa as well as esophageal mucosa in EoE can appear normal, and biopsies are required for diagnosis. Long-standing disease in asthma has been associated with ‘remodeling' compared to predominantly reversible inflammatory changes early in the course of the disease. Similar observations have been made in EoE. Toxic proteins derived from eosinophils such as major basic protein, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and eosinophil cationic protein can be found in the mucosa of both diseases, which are also characterized by a thickening of the lamina propria or basement membrane, respectively. Despite these histologic and immunochemistry findings, asthma as well as EoE remain clinical diagnoses, and diagnosing either condition can be challenging. Therapeutically, both diseases respond well to corticosteroids. Ironically, corticosteroids for inhalation are deliberately swallowed in EoE to reach the esophageal mucosa. Allergen/food avoidance can improve symptoms in asthma and EoE. Taken together, allergic asthma and EoE have a number of common features which make a common pathogenesis manifested in different organs for reasons not yet fully understood likely. Combining allergological research with gastroenterologic and pneumologic expertise with a focus on similarities between these diseases might be a way forward.

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Pulmonary function, activated T cells, peripheral blood eosinophilia, and serum activity for eosinophil survival in vitro: A longitudinal study in bronchial asthma

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Non‐specific airway hyperresponsiveness in mono‐sensitive Sicilian patients with allergic rhinitis. Its relationship to total serum IgE levels and blood eosinophils during and out of the pollen season

Non‐specific airway hyperresponsiveness in mono‐sensitive Sicilian patients with allergic rhinitis. Its relationship to total serum IgE levels and blood eosinophils during and out of the pollen season

High‐Altitude Climate Therapy Reduces Local Airway Inflammation and Modulates Lymphocyte Activation

Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Asthma of the Esophagus?

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