Pulmonary function and six-minute-walk test in patients after recovery from COVID-19: A prospective cohort study

Eksombatchai, Dararat; Wongsinin, Thananya; Phongnarudech, Thanyakamol; Thammavaranucupt, Kanin; Amornputtisathaporn, Naparat; Sungkanuparph, Somnuek

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257040

Cited by 57 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…18 A previous prospective study in patients after recovery from COVID-19 found that those with severe pneumonia tended to have a non-statistically significant shorter mean 6MWT. 19 Even though we did not find an association between disease severity and walking distance, those with restrictive respiratory patterns had a shorter walking distance and were less likely to complete the test. While the exact role of the 6MWT in the follow-up of COVID patients has yet to be established, it can provide information on the impairment of daily activities and its correlation with peak oxygen uptake may indicate lung function.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Pulmonary evaluation of post-COVID-19 patients: an Ecuadorian experience

Chérrez-Ojeda¹,

Sanchez-Angarita²,

Vanegas³

et al. 2022

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

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Background Despite the growing concerns related to the potential of long-term pulmonary sequelae due to COVID-19, data about intermediate and long-term changes in the respiratory function of patients who recover is relatively sparse, particularly in developing countries. Objectives To assess the characteristics and pulmonary function at follow-up in a sample of Ecuadorian patients that recovered from the virus. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 43 patients after symptomatic COVID infection, who were evaluated by spirometry, single breath DLCO, and 6MWT. For statistical analysis we performed point biserial correlations, and chi squared tests. Results Overall, 30.3% of patients (n = 13) reported persistent symptoms, with fatigue being the most common (23.3%, n = 10). Around 34.9% (n = 15) of the sample had a restrictive spirometry pattern, 18.6% (n = 8) had an abnormally decreased adjusted DLCO. A restrictive spirometry pattern was associated with an abnormally low adjusted DLCO (χ 2 (2) = 11,979, p = 0.001). Conclusion We found that a considerable proportion of patients presented with persistent symptoms and alterations in pulmonary function following COVID-19, mainly a restrictive respiratory pattern and abnormally low DLCO. Further studies are needed to determine which patients may benefit from the follow-up with specific pulmonary function tests.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Pulmonary evaluation of post-COVID-19 patients: an Ecuadorian experience

Chérrez-Ojeda¹,

Sanchez-Angarita²,

Vanegas³

et al. 2022

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

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“…In some follow-up studies of hospital-based adult COVID-19 cohorts, persistent alterations of dynamic pulmonary function have been reported (41)(42)(43)(44). Results are conflicting though, as a relatively large adult study did not find any substantial alterations of spirometry tests results despite persistent radiological abnormalities (45), and two small cases series reported spirometry to be normal or near-normal in the aftermath of COVID-19 in children (46,47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Markers, Pulmonary Function, and Clinical Symptoms in Acute COVID-19 Among Non-Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults

et al. 2022

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SummaryMild, subacute COVID-19 in young people show inflammatory enhancement, but normal pulmonary function. Inflammatory markers are associated with age and male sex, whereas clinical symptoms are associated with age and female sex, but not with objective disease markers.BackgroundCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is widespread among adolescents and young adults across the globe. The present study aimed to compare inflammatory markers, pulmonary function and clinical symptoms across non-hospitalized, 12 – 25 years old COVID-19 cases and non-COVID-19 controls, and to investigate associations between inflammatory markers, clinical symptoms, pulmonary function and background variables in the COVID-19 group.MethodsThe present paper presents baseline data from an ongoing longitudinal observational cohort study (Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 in Adolescents, LoTECA, ClinicalTrials ID: NCT04686734). A total of 31 plasma cytokines and complement activation products were assayed by multiplex and ELISA methodologies. Pulmonary function and clinical symptoms were investigated by spirometry and questionnaires, respectively.ResultsA total of 405 COVID-19 cases and 111 non-COVID-19 controls were included. The COVID-19 group had significantly higher plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12, TNF, IP-10, eotaxin, GM-CSF, bFGF, complement TCC and C3bc, and significantly lower levels of IL-13 and MIP-1α, as compared to controls. Spirometry did not detect any significant differences across the groups. IL-4, IL-7, TNF and eotaxin were negatively associated with female sex; eotaxin and IL-4 were positively associated with age. Clinical symptoms were positively associated with female sex and age, but not with objective disease markers.ConclusionsAmong non-hospitalized adolescents and young adults with COVID-19 there was significant alterations of plasma inflammatory markers in the subacute stage of the infection. Still, pulmonary function was normal. Clinical symptoms were independent of inflammatory and pulmonary function markers, but positively associated with age and female sex.

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“…Previous studies have shown that in COVID-19 survivors, the main pulmonary function abnormalities were a reduction in DLco with an almost normal DLco/VA and a reduction in FVC and TLC with an increase in the FEV 1 /FVC ratio [ 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) at rest and during the 6-min walk test (6MWT), total lung capacity (TLC), airway occlusion pressure after 0.1 s (P0.1) and P0.1/maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) ratio were found in COVID-19 patients with pneumonia compared to those without pneumonia [ 7 ]. However, many studies [ 7 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] evaluated patients after 1 to 4 months from discharge and little information is provided about what happens in longer periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Pulmonary Function Tests and Exercise Tolerance

Ora

Zerillo

Marco

et al. 2022

JCM

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Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been shown to cause long-term pulmonary sequelae. Objects: The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on pulmonary function and on the 6-min walk test related to the severity of the disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Academic Hospital (Rome, Italy), including 75 patients evaluated in post-COVID clinics at the Respiratory Units between November 2020 and September 2021. Complete pulmonary function tests, 6-min walk tests and persistence of symptoms were performed. Results: Of the 75 subjects, 23 had mild, 16 moderate, 26 severe and 10 very severe COVID-19, classified according to WHO. Very severe patients had a lower FVC (100 ± 10%pr) compared to the other groups (116 ± 16%pr, 116 ± 13%pr, 122 ± 20%pr from mild to severe; p < 0.05) and a lower TLC (94 ± 13%pr) compared to the others (102 ± 10%pr, 108 ± 15%pr, 108 ± 12%pr from mild to severe; p < 0.05). DLco and DLco/VA were similar among groups. At the 6MWT, distance, rest and nadir SpO2 were similar among groups, but all groups presented a significant decrease in SpO2 from rest to nadir (Rest SpO2: 97.0 ± 1.0% vs. Nadir SpO2: 93.6 ± 2.7%, p < 0.01). A positive correlation was found between desaturation and delta SpO2 (rest—nadir) (R: 0.29, p < 0.05) and the Distance Desaturation Product (R: 0.39, p < 0.01). Conclusions: These results showed that, although the PFTs are within the normal range, there is still a mild restrictive spirometric pattern after six months in very severe subjects. Moreover, the only persistent pathological sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 infection were a mild desaturation at 6MWT, despite the severity of the infection.

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Pulmonary function and six-minute-walk test in patients after recovery from COVID-19: A prospective cohort study

Cited by 57 publications

References 16 publications

Pulmonary evaluation of post-COVID-19 patients: an Ecuadorian experience

Pulmonary evaluation of post-COVID-19 patients: an Ecuadorian experience

Inflammatory Markers, Pulmonary Function, and Clinical Symptoms in Acute COVID-19 Among Non-Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults

Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Pulmonary Function Tests and Exercise Tolerance

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