Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a naturally derived
hydrogel that
has recently paved its way in several biomedical applications. Despite
its remarkable tissue-like properties, BNC does not express innate
anticoagulant or antimicrobial properties; therefore, appropriate
post-modification procedures are required to prevent nonspecific adhesion
and enhance the hemocompatibility properties of BNC-based biointerface.
Here, we report a new class of flexible, lubricant-infused BNC membranes
with superior antithrombotic and antibacterial properties. Using chemical
vapor deposition, porous BNC membranes were functionalized with fluorosilane
molecules and further impregnated with a fluorocarbon-based lubricant.
Compared with unmodified BNC membranes and commercially available
poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) felts, our developed lubricant-infused
BNC samples significantly attenuated plasma and blood clot formation,
and prevented bacterial migration, adhesion, and biofilm formation
and exhibited superior fat and enzyme repellency properties. Moreover,
when subjected to mechanical testing, the lubricant-infused BNC membranes
demonstrated a significantly higher tensile strength and greater fatigue
resistance when compared with unmodified BNC samples and PTFE felts.
Overall, the superior mechanical strength and antithrombotic, antibacterial,
and fat/enzyme resistant properties observed in the developed super-repellent
BNC-based membranes render their application promising for various
biofluid-contacting medical implants and tissue engineering constructs.