Pulmonary insufficiency with a supernumerary cusp in the pulmonary valve

Kissin, Milton

doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(36)91072-4

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…2). This is the usual arrangement according to Kissin (1936), Hurwitz & Roberts (1973) and Davia et al (1977). The extra valvulae in our specimen was located between the anterior and right valvulae (Fig.…”

Section: Gross Anatomical Findingssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Davia et al (1977) found a 5:1 ratio of quadricuspid pulmonary valves to quadricuspid aortic valves. Approximately 65% of reported cases of quadricuspid pulmonary valves were found in males which was the sex in the present case (Kissin, 1936;Hurwitz & Roberts, 1973).…”

Section: Gross Anatomical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…The extra valvulae in our specimen was located between the anterior and right valvulae (Fig. 1) but its site can vary according to Kissin (1936). Two fenestrations were located in both the supernumerary and in the right valvulae and an additional one was located in the intervening commissure region (Figs.…”

Section: Gross Anatomical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Kissin (1936) claimed to have clear cut clinical evidence of pulmonary insufficiency in 12.5070 (3/34) of his patients. Enoch (1968) found morbid anatomical evidence of pulmonary regurgation in 40% (2/5) of his patients.…”

Section: Gross Anatomical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, de Vries (1918) , Becker (1972) found that a fourth valvula or cusp in this normally tricuspid valve occurred frequently . In his review of the literature Kissin (1936) reported that the anomaly was usually associated with other clinical symptoms . The purpose of this paper is to report a case of supernumerary valvula found in the pulmonary semilunar valve in a Japanese.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Supernumerary Valvula in the Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Shimada

Kitagawa

Tezuka

1989

Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica

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Section: Gross Anatomical Findingssupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Gross Anatomical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Gross Anatomical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Gross Anatomical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Supernumerary Valvula in the Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Shimada

Kitagawa

Tezuka

1989

Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica

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Idiopathic Pulmonary Regurgitation

Hoffman

2009

The Natural and Unnatural History of Congenital Heart Disease

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Abnormal pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves in embryos

Shaner

1963

Anat. Rec.

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Four kinds of abnormal pulmonary and three kinds of abnormal semilunar valves are described from pig and human embryos of an age equivalent to the first human trimester. The pulmonary valves include bicuspid forms resulting from the absence of an anterior cusp, from the fusion of left and anterior cusps and from the fusion of left and right cusps; also dome-shaped valves. The aortic valves include bicuspid forms resulting from the absence of the non-coronary cusp and from the fusion of right and left cusps. All are discussed in the light of accompanying heart anomalies and a re-examination of normal cusp development. Embryonic abnormal pulmonary valves are generally linked with early stages of Fallot's tetralogy. They are caused by a n arrest in heart development and the changed hemodynamic conditions that result from it. Embryonic abnormal aortic valves are caused by a n arrest in heart development and an abnormal degree of coarctation of the aorta. The evidence from embryos supports the general belief that abnormal pulmonary cusps of all ages, when not caused by infection, are of congenital origin. Some aortic abnormal valves are also of congenital origin, but are hard to distinguish from similar ones produced after birth by postnatal coarctation.Many abnormal semilunar valves thought to be congenital have been reported from the hearts of infants and older persons. Abnormal pulmonary valves may be bicuspid, or dome-shaped; they may have extra cusps or no cusps at all. Abnormal aortic valves fall into the same categories, except that there seems to be no record of a complete absence of aortic cusps.Pulmonary bicuspid valves in infants and older persons occur so often with a patent interventricular foramen and other signs of arrested heart development that a congenital origin may always be suspected (Koletsky, '41a). The comprehensive surveys of Dilg (1883) and of all later writers attest this. Just which cusp is defective in bicuspid pulmonary valves is not always clear, thanks to confusing terminology and lack of critical detail. Bicuspid pulmonary valves may result from a simple absence of the anterior cusp ( fig. I ) , or from a fusion of the anterior cusp with either the right or left cusps; a fusion of the right and left cusps is the least frequent anomaly. Dome-shaped pulmonary valves are often found with isolated pulmonary stenosis (Friedberg, '56). Some quadricuspid valves appear in hearts with other congenital anomalies ( Kissin, '36).Campeau et al. ('61) cite 15 cases of complete absence of pulmonary cusps linked with Fallot's tetralogy and presumably congenital in origin.Authorities differ over the congenital origin of aortic bicuspid valves, especially of those in older persons (Gross, '37; Koletsky, '41b). Bicuspid aortic valves are very often combined with coarctation (Reifenstein e t al., '47). Since the coronary arteries label the right and left cusps, the cusps involved are easily recognized. All agree that bicuspid valves from a fusion of the two coronary cusps is the most frequent an...

show abstract

Pulmonary insufficiency with a supernumerary cusp in the pulmonary valve

Cited by 40 publications

References 7 publications

A Supernumerary Valvula in the Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

A Supernumerary Valvula in the Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Idiopathic Pulmonary Regurgitation

Abnormal pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves in embryos

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