Pulmonary manifestations of HIV infection in children

Abstract

We retrospectively reviewed the spectrum, course, and outcome of pulmonary diseases in 66 children with AIDS, hospitalized between 1982 and 1988, prior to the use of zidovudine. Fifty-two of the 66 (79%) patients developed pulmonary problems. In fifty-two percent of all patients, a pulmonary problem was the first symptom of HIV infection. The most common respiratory illness requiring hospitalization was an episode of respiratory distress with normal PaO2 and unchanged X-ray with a 9.7 +/- 6.8 days mean duration of hospitalization. Bacterial pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia/lymphoid interstitial pneumonia occurred in 30%, 32% and 22% of the patients, respectively. Bacterial pneumonia and PCP were associated with a high mortality rate. Sixty-eight percent of the patients died within 24 months of the onset of pulmonary disease. In 50% of the children, pulmonary disease was a primary cause of death. The results of this study can be useful in developing prospective studies for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary complications of HIV infection.

Failure of standard antimicrobial therapy in children aged 3-5 months with mild or asymptomatic HIV infection and sever pneumonia

“…Pneumonia is one of the most common manifestations of HIV infection in children from both developed 5,6,16 and developing areas of the world. 7,17 While PCP is notably absent as a major cause of illness in HIV-infected adults in Africa, its role in paediatric pneumonia in children with HIV in Africa is now established.…”

Pulmonary diseases in children with severe combined immune deficiency and DiGeorge syndrome

“…2,3 Therefore, it is important for pediatricians to be familiar with the pulmonary manifestations of immunodeficiency diseases. While there are many studies on the pulmonary complications of children with acquired immunodeficiency [4][5][6][7] and some on children with humoral immunologic defects, 8,9 there are few studies on the pulmonary manifestations of children with congenital T-cell deficiency.…”

Effect of nutritional and HIV status on bacteraemia in Zimbabwean children who died at home

“…Bacterial infections with common pathogenic bacteria, especially Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella are prominent features of paediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) disease in the industrialized world [4,14,16]. Little is known about the prevalence of bacterial infections and bacteraemia in HIV-infected children in developing countries [17].…”