Pulmonary reactions to organic dust exposures: development of an animal model.

Castranova, Vincent; Robinson, Victor A.; Frazer, David G.

doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s141

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Third, it is possible that other exposures correlated with endotoxin exposure may play a causative role in disease development. Animal studies have supported the role of endotoxin in causing respiratory pathology43 and in particular the aetiological role of endotoxin in cotton dust 44. Other agents such as β-glucan, a fungal cell wall component, may also play a role,45 but evidence to date suggests that it is the endotoxin component of cotton dust that is the major contributor to respiratory disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in the effect of occupational endotoxin exposure on impaired lung function and death: the Shanghai Textile Worker Study

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE Airborne endotoxin exposure has both adverse and protective health effects. Studies show males have augmented acute inflammatory responses to endotoxin. In this longitudinal cohort study we investigated the effect of long-term exposure to endotoxin in cotton dust on health, and determined whether these effects differ by gender. METHODS In the Shanghai Textile Worker Study, 447 cotton and 472 control silk textile workers were followed from 1981 to 2011 with repeated measures of occupational endotoxin exposure, spirometry, and health questionnaires. Impaired lung function was defined as a decline in forced expiratory volume in one second to less than the 5th percentile of population predicted. Death was ascertained by death registries. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the effect of endotoxin exposure on the time to development of impaired lung function and death. RESULTS 128 deaths and 164 diagnoses of impaired lung function were ascertained between 1981 and 2011. Hazard ratios (HRs) for the composite endpoint of impaired lung function or death was 1.47 (95% CI 1.09-1.97) for cotton vs. silk workers and 1.04 (95% CI 1.01-1.07) per 10,000 endotoxin units (EU)/m3-years increase in exposure. HRs for all-cause mortality was 1.36 (95% CI 0.93-1.99) for cotton vs. silk workers and 1.04 (95% CI 0.99-1.08) per 10,000 EU/m3-years. The risk associated with occupational endotoxin exposure was elevated only in men. CONCLUSIONS Occupational endotoxin exposure is associated with an increase in the risk of impaired lung function and all-cause mortality in men.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in the effect of occupational endotoxin exposure on impaired lung function and death: the Shanghai Textile Worker Study

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The majority of particles were between 2-5 µm in diameter, which is in the range of respirable particles. The particle size distribution in suspension was about the same as in inhalation studies (Robinson et al, 1996). Zymosan A was freshly prepared as an aqueous suspension before every experiment.…”

Section: Preparation Of Zymosan a Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the IT route of exposure was chosen to establish a dose response and the time course for the inflammatory response of rats to zymosan A, inhalation of zymosan A has been shown to cause a similar pulmonary response (Robinson et al, 1996). The magnitude of PMN infiltration was comparable in both experiments.…”

Section: Zymosan-induced Inflammatory Response In Rats 321mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inhalation of curdlan, a 1® 3-b -glucan from soil bacteria, by guinea pigs did not result in pulmonary inflammation in either acute (Fogelmark et al, 1992) or chronic (Fogelmark et al, 1994) experiments. However, inhalation of a purified 1® 3-b -glucans product, zymosan A, resulted in an acute inflammatory response (Robinson et al, 1996). A direct comparison between the results was not possible because of the use of different types of glucans.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

ACUTE INFLAMMATION AND RECOVERY IN RATS AFTER INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION OF a 1?3-SS-Glucan (ZYMOSAN A)

Young

Robinson²,

Barger³

et al. 2001

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although endotoxin is a known potent stimulant of inflammatory responses, the magnitude of pulmonary response following exposure to various organic dusts does not always correlate with endotoxin content of the dusts alone. Other components, such as 1-->3-beta-glucans, derived from the inner cell wall of yeasts and fungi, have been implicated in organic dust toxic syndrome. However, animal studies report conflicting results concerning the inflammatory potency of 1-->3-beta-glucan. In this experiment, the pulmonary reaction of rats to 1-->3-beta-glucan (zymosan A) exposure was assessed. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via intratracheal instillation (IT) to zymosan A (dose range 0-5 mg/kg body weight). Rats were sacrificed 1-7 d postexposure and the following pulmonary responses were monitored: (1) breathing frequency, (2) differential cell counts of hronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells, (3) chemiluminescence (CL) as a measure of alveolar macrophage activation, (4) nitric oxide production by alveolar macrophages, (5) albumin levels, and (6) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the first acellular lavage fluid. Upon challenge with zymosan A, rats exhibited a dose-dependent pulmonary response at 1 d post IT that was significantly higher than the control level at a dose of 1-2.5 mg/kg body weight for each of these pulmonary parameters. Post-IT enhancement of breathing frequencies and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) obtained by BAL both correlated very well with zymosan A concentration (r = .95 and .99, respectively). Elevation of albumin levels and LDH activity of the acellular BAL fluid also correlated (r = .80) with the dose of zymosan. The recovery from a single intratracheal administration of zymosan A (2.5 mg/kg body weight) was monitored over 7 d. PMN and CL showed significant recovery from d 1 level by 3 d postexposure. Breathing frequencies and nitric oxide production showed significant recovery from d 1 level by 4 d postexposure. A good correlation (r2= .8) between recovery of PMN in BAL, CL, or nitric oxide production and the days postexposure was observed.

show abstract

“…Ambient aerosols, or particulate air pollution, in the inhalable size range have been shown through various epidemiologic studies to have clear associations with increased respiratory and cardiovascular disease resulting in increased morbidity and mortality (Dockery et al, 1993;Dockery et al, 1992;Ozkaynak & Thurston, 1987;Pope et al, 1991;Dockery et al, 1989;Bates & Sizto, 1983;Pope, 1989;Katsouyanni et al, 1997;Samet et al, 2000;. Other aerosols such as organic dusts also have been linked to adverse health effects (Malmberg, 1990;Hurst & Dosman, 1990;Chan-Yeung et al, 1992;Enarson & Chan-Yeung, 1990;Weber et al, 1993;Larsson et al, 1994;Donham, 1990;Rylander, 1990;Schenker, 2000;Heederik et al 2007;Castranova et al, 1996). It has been suggested 142 E. J. SCOTT DUNCAN ET AL. that particles in the size range <2.5 µm may have the most significant effect on respiratory health (Schwartz et al, 1996;Schwartz & Neas, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Deposition of AerosolizedBacillus Atrophaeusin a Swine Model Due to Exposure from a Simulated Anthrax Letter Incident

Duncan¹,

Kournikakis²,

Ho³

et al. 2009

Inhalation Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dry anthrax spore powder is readily disseminated as an aerosol and it is possible that passive dispersion when opening a letter containing anthrax spores may result in lethal doses to humans. The specific aim of this study was to quantify the respirable aerosol hazard associated with opening an envelope/letter contaminated with a dry spore powder of the biological pathogen anthrax in a typical office environment. An envelope containing a letter contaminated with 1.0 g of dry Bacillus atrophaeus (BG) spores (pathogen simulant) was opened in the presence of an unrestrained swine model. Aerosolized spores were detected in the room in seconds and peak concentrations occurred by three minutes. The swine, located approximately 1.5 m from the source, was exposed to the aerosol for 28 min following the letter opening event and then moved to a clean room for 30 min. A necropsy was completed to determine the extent of in vivo spore deposition in the lungs. The median number of viable colony forming units (CFU) measured in the combined right and left lung was 21,200: the average mass of both lungs was 283 g. In excess of 100 CFU per gram of lung tissue was found at sites within the anterior, intermediate and posterior lobes. The results of this study confirmed that opening an envelope containing spores generated an aerosol spanning the respirable particle size range of 1-10 µm, and that normal respiration of swine led to spore deposition throughout the lungs. The observed deposition of spores in the lungs of the swine is within the LD 50 range of 2,500-55,000 estimated for humans for inhaled anthrax. Thus, there would appear to be a significant health risk to those individuals exposed to anthrax spores when opening a contaminated envelope.

show abstract

Pulmonary reactions to organic dust exposures: development of an animal model.

Cited by 17 publications

References 61 publications

Gender differences in the effect of occupational endotoxin exposure on impaired lung function and death: the Shanghai Textile Worker Study

Gender differences in the effect of occupational endotoxin exposure on impaired lung function and death: the Shanghai Textile Worker Study

ACUTE INFLAMMATION AND RECOVERY IN RATS AFTER INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION OF a 1?3-SS-Glucan (ZYMOSAN A)

Pulmonary Deposition of AerosolizedBacillus Atrophaeusin a Swine Model Due to Exposure from a Simulated Anthrax Letter Incident

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About