Pulmonary surface tension

Brown, Elwyn S.; Johnson, Rudolph P.; Clements, John A.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1959.14.5.717

Cited by 155 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Surface activity of saline extracts from 3 g of pooled minced lung tissue was measured with a modified Wilhelmy balance as described by CLEMENTS et al and modified by others [6,10,271. The minimum surface tension during compression of the surface was recorded after 2 % hours of cycling (10 cycles) or when three consecutive cycles had shown the same minimum surface tension.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biochemical Development of Surface Activity in Mammalian Lung: I. The Surface-Active Phospholipids; the Separation and Distribution of Surface-Active Lecithin in the Lung of the Developing Rabbit Fetus

et al. 1967

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A simple technique, precipitation with acetone, was described to separate the surface-active lecithin fraction from the nonsurface-active fraction. Surface activity in lung phospholipids was found in the acetone-precipitated fractions of lecithin, sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl dimethylethanolamine and phosphatidyl inositol. Normal surface activity of saline extract of pooled fetal rabbit lung was observed from 28 days of gestation. It was possible to isolate surface-active lecithin from lung parenchyma long before the 29th day of gestation when surface-active lecithin first is found in the alveolar wash. During the nonbreathing fetal state, even at term, only 11 % of lecithin from alveolar wash is surface-active increasing after one hour's breathing to approximately 50 % of the total lecithin. The rabbits delivered prematurely after 28 full days of gestation clinically had respiratory distress and their percentage of surface-active lecithin in alveolar wash increased at a slow rate compared to full-term animals. Good temporal correlation was seen between intracellular storage of surface-active lecithin during the fetal state and the findings with electron microscopy of increasing numbers of osmiophilic inclusion bodies as gestation progresses. SpeculationSurface activity is shared by several phospholipids in lung but is related principally to lecithin. During fetal development there is production of intracellular surface-active lecithin with storage possibly in osmiophilic lamellar inclusion bodies until near term when some (11%) begins to appear in alveolar wash. After breathing, a great release of surface-active lecithin into alveolar wash occurs, with 50% of alveolar lecithin being surface active throughout the life of the animal. Prematurely delivered rabbits take much longer to increase their surface-active alveolar lecithin.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biochemical Development of Surface Activity in Mammalian Lung: I. The Surface-Active Phospholipids; the Separation and Distribution of Surface-Active Lecithin in the Lung of the Developing Rabbit Fetus

et al. 1967

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“…4). Furthermore, although CTV-ventilated hyperthermic rats did develop alveolar instability in association with a diminished amount of airway surfactant, even in this circumstance, the total quantity of airway DSPC present is theoretically sufficient to form a monomolecular film over the entire alveolar surface at functional residual capacity (15); the amount of DSPC present in the 1,OOO-g supernatant fraction is not enough for this purpose. An inhibitor, or inactivator, of surfactant could decrease alveolar stability without diminishing the amount of airway surfactant and this could explain our results.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Surfactant deficiency in rats without a decreased amount of extracellular surfactant.

Massaro¹,

Clerch²,

Temple³

et al. 1983

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T Low volume ventilation without periodic large inflations leads to diminished alveolar stability and to the accumulation of increased amounts of airway disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) in large aggregates that sediment at 1,000 g; surfactant in this form lowers surface tension less rapidly than surfactant present in the 1,000-g supernatant fraction.These observations led to the present work in which we tested the notion that alveolar instability may develop in the presence of an undiminished quantity of total airway surfactant, if the amount of surfactant found in the 1,000-g supernatant fraction is diminished.Pulmonary compliance fell and the alveolar-arterial 02 gradient widened in normothermic rats during constant ventilation in the resting tidal volume range, and, in hyperthermic rats (-390C) similarly ventilated but with the addition of periodic sighs. The total amount of airway DSPC was undiminished in each group, but in each less DSPC was present in the 1,000-g supernatant fraction compared with controls. Alveolar instability and hypoxemia also developed in hyperthermic rats during low volume ventilation without periodic sighs. Although the total amount of airway DSPC was decreased in these rats, enough remained to theoretically form a continuous monomolecular film over the entire alveolar surface at functional residual capacity; however, there was insufficient surfactant in This work was presented in part at

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“…A number of studies have been presented on the chemical nature and metabolism of this lung surfactant. It has generally been accepted that so-called dipalmitoyllecithin, one of the molecular species of lecithin, in the lung and alveolar wash is the principal compo nent of the surfactant (Pattle 1958, Brown et al 1959, Klaus et al 1961, Avery 1959. Morgan et al (1965) reported that alveolar lipids in dog pulmonary wash contained significant amounts of phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine which might contribute to the formation of dipalmitoyllecithin with methyltransferase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alveolar and Tissue Phospholipids of Rat Lung

Toshima

Akino

1972

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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chemical nature of phospholipids in rat lung tissue and alveolar wash was studied using column chromatographies on silicic acid and DEAE-cellulose and thin-layer chromato graphy followed by gas chromatography to determine the fatty acid composition of the major phospholipid fractions. It was found that alveolar phospholipids obtained by lung lavage differed from those in lung tissue in several aspects. Predominant phospholipid from both sources was lecithin which composed 68% of alveolar phospholipids and 52% of lung tissue phospholipids. Alveolar lecithin contained much higher disaturated species than lung tissue. Lipids X1, X2 and X3 were found in higher proportions in alveolar wash. The X3 seemed to be identical with cardiolipin from the data of Rf values of intact lipids as well as deacylated products, and elution pattern with DEAE-cellulose. The acidic lipid X2 seemed to be probably phosphatidylglycerol. Lipid X1 could not be identified. The present results suggested that lecithin and the three acidic phospholipids could be secreted more preferentially into alveolar cavity than other lipids, such as neutral lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol and sphingomyelin. alveolar phospholipids, dipalmi toyl lecithin It has been reported that the alveolar lining layer of the lung, washed out by saline, contains a surface active material (surfactant) which lowers alveolar surface tension and decreases the tendency of the lung to collapse. A number of studies have been presented on the chemical nature and metabolism of this lung surfactant. It has generally been accepted that so-called dipalmitoyllecithin, one of the molecular species of lecithin, in the lung and alveolar wash is the principal compo nent of the surfactant (Pattle 1958, Brown et al. 1959, Klaus et al. 1961, Avery 1959. Morgan et al. (1965) reported that alveolar lipids in dog pulmonary wash contained significant amounts of phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine which might contribute to the formation of dipalmitoyllecithin with methyltransferase. How ever, several investigators have reported recently the presence of phosphatidyl glycerol and lyso-bis-phosphatidic acid, but they stated that they could not detect phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine in the alveolar wash.The present work is a comparison of the qualitative and quantitative char-

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Pulmonary surface tension

Cited by 155 publications

References 0 publications

The Biochemical Development of Surface Activity in Mammalian Lung: I. The Surface-Active Phospholipids; the Separation and Distribution of Surface-Active Lecithin in the Lung of the Developing Rabbit Fetus

The Biochemical Development of Surface Activity in Mammalian Lung: I. The Surface-Active Phospholipids; the Separation and Distribution of Surface-Active Lecithin in the Lung of the Developing Rabbit Fetus

Surfactant deficiency in rats without a decreased amount of extracellular surfactant.

Alveolar and Tissue Phospholipids of Rat Lung

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