Pulmonary Ventilatory Functions of Coalminers in Various Areas in Relation to the X-ray Category of Pneumoconiosis

Radiographic outcomes among South African coal miners

“…However, previous studies have reported conflicting results when examining the association of simple CWP with decrements in pulmonary function, symptoms, and disability (Cochrane and Higgins 1961;Morgan et al 1972;Collins et al 1988). A critical issue that might account for some of these varying findings is the characterization of exposure.…”

“…The association of simple CWP with decrements in pulmonary function, symptoms, and disability is less clear and more controversial, with several early studies reporting no significant association between CWP and respiratory impairment (Cochrane and Higgins 1961;Morgan et al 1972;Hankinson et al 1975). In contrast, later studies have shown significant relationships between CWP (and specific opacity types) and lung function outcomes (Collins et al 1988;Zhicheng 1986;Wang et al 1999).…”

Area differences in prevalence of neural tube malformations in South Wales. A study of possible demographic determinants.

“…Cochrane and Higgins (1961), in a study on pulmonary ventilatory function of coal miners, quote evidence to suggest that emigrants from the Rhondda valleys (since 1920) were taller and heavier than those who remained behind. Macdonald (1963) has suggested that selective migration may have an adverse effect on stillbirth and neonatal rates, presumably by dilution of the quality of the residual genetic pool.…”

A controlled trial of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy in the early complicated pneumoconiosis of coalworkers

“…was related to the category of simple pneumoconiosis, and that 1-2% of miners with simple pneumoconiosis may be expected to develop complicated pneumoconiosis each year. How to treat miners with early complicated pneumoconiosis is therefore an important problem, especially as it has been shown that this form of pneumoconiosis can cause moderate or severe disability and increased mor-tality (Gilson and Hugh-Jones, 1955;Cochrane and Higgins, 1961 ;Cochrane, Carpenter, Moore, and Thomas, 1964).…”

“…(3) The fibrotic nature of the lesions made it probable that the trial would be one-sided in the sense that we should be able to detect only 'no change' or 'progression' and would not have the group of 'improvement' on which the results of most trials of drugs for tuberculosis are based radiologically. (4) Studies in the Rhondda (Cochrane and Carpenter, 1956) had produced some evidence that the progression of the disease might be linked with physical activity, so a test of this factor had to be included in the design of the trial.…”