“…to remove BOD, COD, lignin and bacterial consortium ( actinomycetes sp .) that generates laccase enzyme to degenerate cellulose and lignin under alkaline environment Biological | Lignin, cellulose/hemi-cellulose, BOD, COD | Cost effective, ecofriendly | Complexity in micro-biological mechanism, slow process | Ram C et al ( 2020 ) | 13 | Iron and steel | Oil and grease, phenol, cyanides, ore particles, sulfur compounds and metal ions | Employment of steel slags (containing iron oxide) to remove metallic iron, and steel slag-based induction furnace for chromium removal | Physico-chemical method (adsorption) | Heavy metals | Economically sustainable, reuse of steel waste | Stability problems | Branca TA et al ( 2020 ) |
14 | Pharmaceutics | Dissolved and suspended solids, COD, organic matter such as alcohol, aromatic compounds, acetone, antibiotics, chlorinated hydrocarbons | Molecularly imprinting technology that employs molecularly imprinted polymers to produce affinity membranes for the removal of antibiotics from water | Physico-chemical method (membrane filtration) | Antibiotic-tetracycline | High selectivity, affinity, stability, easier operation | High utilization of template molecules | Gadipelly C et al ( 2014 ) |
Nanofiltration which is pressure driven membrane separation process for eliminating the antibiotic concentration from the wastewater effluent | Physico-chemical method (membrane filtration) | Antibiotic-amoxicillin | High operational efficiency | Expensive and high energy consumption |
15 | Textile | Dyes and fibers (reactive, vat, azoic), toxic chemicals (acids, alkali, surfactant-dispersing agents), heavy metals (copper, chromium, cadmium, zinc etc.) | Photocatalytic degradation using TiO 2 nanoparticles, | Chemical (photocatalysis) | Dyes | Application of nanotechnology in textile effluent treatment is efficient in eliminating and retrieving pollutants | ...
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