Pulp Mills and Wood-Based Biorefineries

Alén, Raimo

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63453-5.00003-3

Cited by 44 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Another key motivation for lignin recovery is to utilize it for such higher-value applications as carbon fiber, phenolic resins, and activated carbon (Coheen 1981;Pye 2006;Bozell et al 2007;Kouisni et al 2011;Gellerstedt et al 2013;Alén 2015;Zhu and Theliander 2015;Yahya et al 2015;Suhas et al 2016;Teguia et al 2017). However, probably due to the complex structure of lignin, progress in implementation of such valueadded options has been slow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lignin also can be utilized as a portable fuel (Uloth and Wearing 1989b;Tomani 2010) or as feedstock for preparation of biodiesel, which in some cases may have higher value than combustion of the material as part of a chemical recovery process in a pulp mill. Finally, there may be opportunities to rethink the entire pulping process as a biorefinery in which multiple chemical compounds, including breakdown products of polysaccharides, are fractionated, making them available as replacements for petroleum-based chemicals (Alén et al 1989;Moshkelani et al 2013;Alén 2015;Kumar et al 2016;Teguia et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lignin recovery from spent alkaline pulping liquors using acidification, membrane separation, and related processing steps: A review

Hubbe¹,

Alén²,

Paleologou³

et al. 2019

BioRes

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The separation of lignin from the black liquor generated during alkaline pulping is reviewed in this article with an emphasis on chemistry. Based on published accounts, the precipitation of lignin from spent pulping liquor by addition of acids can be understood based on dissociation equilibria of weak acid groups, which affects the solubility behavior of lignin-related chemical species. Solubility issues also govern lignin separation technologies based on ultrafiltration membranes; reduction in membrane permeability is often affected by conditions leading to decreased solubility of lignin decomposition products and the presence of colloidal matter. Advances in understanding of such phenomena have potential to enable higher-value uses of black liquor components, including biorefinery options, alternative ways to recover the chemicals used to cook pulp, and debottlenecking of kraft recovery processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin recovery from spent alkaline pulping liquors using acidification, membrane separation, and related processing steps: A review

Hubbe¹,

Alén²,

Paleologou³

et al. 2019

BioRes

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“…This is in line with previously reported analyses (Table 1). 32,33 Although lignin is abundant in other tissues as well, suberin is a unique component of bark and serves as a protective barrier of the plant. Suberin is an aliphatic polyester composed of hydroxylated fatty acids (Fig.…”

Section: Part A: Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of birch bark to biofuels

et al. 2020

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“…The biorefinery concept can be defined merely as a process for fractionating and/or converting into energy carbon dioxide-neutral feedstock (biomass) as well as a great variety of chemicals and other biomaterials in an ecosystem-friendly way through advanced technologies [1,2]. The pulp industry, as an essential branch of global industry, is based on vast and multidisciplinary technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolytic behavior of lignocellulosic-based polysaccharides

Ghalibaf

Doddapaneni

Alén

2018

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The thermochemical behavior of cellulose, glucomannan, and xylan was investigated by pyrolysis-gas chromatographymass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). In each case, major GC-amenable condensable products were classified into several compound groups, and the formation of these monomer-related fragments from the model substance samples was determined at 500, 600, and 700°C with a residence time of 5 s and 20 s. The results revealed that despite some general formation trends, no compound group was selectively formed at certain temperatures. Of the 11 product groups, the primary ones, including lactone, furan, and cyclopentenone derivatives, accounted for 72-85% (from cellulose), 86-90% (from glucomannan), and 76-81% (from xylan) of the total amount of pyrolysis products determined. At 500°C, about half of the major product groups accounted for lactones, such as 3-hydroxy-2-penteno-1,5-lactone and 5H-furan-2-one. It was also confirmed by thermogravimetric analyses that within the temperature range studied, cellulose was thermally more stable than the heterogeneous hemicelluloses. These kinds of data are of importance, for example, with respect to efforts to develop new biorefinery possibilities for renewable resources. Keywords Cellulose Á Glucomannan Á Xylan Á Pyrolysis-gas chromatography Á Condensable products Á Thermogravimetry Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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Pulp Mills and Wood-Based Biorefineries

Cited by 44 publications

References 75 publications

Lignin recovery from spent alkaline pulping liquors using acidification, membrane separation, and related processing steps: A review

Lignin recovery from spent alkaline pulping liquors using acidification, membrane separation, and related processing steps: A review

Conversion of birch bark to biofuels

Pyrolytic behavior of lignocellulosic-based polysaccharides

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