Pulsatile Cosecretion of Estradiol and Progesterone by the Midluteal Phase Corpus Luteum: Temporal Link to Luteinizing Hormone Pulses*

Rossmanith, W. G.; Laughlin, Gail A.; Mortola, Joseph F.; Johnson, Michael L.; Veldhuis, J. D.; Yen, S. S. C.

doi:10.1210/jcem-70-4-990

Cited by 53 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Humans show similar P profiles to rhesus monkeys but with higher mean P levels, and sustained peaks in the range of 8–20 ng/ml (Hale et al, 2007; Neill et al, 1967; Vande Wiele et al, 1970; Veldhuis et al, 1988). However, short-term samples (taken at 10–15 minute intervals) show mid-luteal human P peaks as high as the 30–60 ng/ml range (Filicori et al, 1984; Rossmanith et al, 1990). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of 17β-estradiol and progesterone on GABAergic gene expression in the arcuate nucleus, amygdala and hippocampus of the rhesus macaque

Noriega¹,

Eghlidi²,

Garyfallou³

et al. 2010

Brain Research

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and the responsiveness of neurons to GABA can be modulated by sex steroids. To better understand how ovarian steroids influence GABAergic system in the primate brain, we evaluated the expression of genes encoding GABA receptor subunits, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and a GABA transporter in the brains of female rhesus macaques. Ovariectomized adults were subjected to a hormone replacement paradigm involving either 17β-estradiol (E), or E plus progesterone (E+P). Untreated animals served as controls. Using GeneChip® microarray analysis and real-time RT-PCR (qPCR), we examined gene expression differences within and between the amygdala (AMD), hippocampus (HPC) and arcuate nuclei of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH). The results from PCR corresponded with results from representative GeneChip® probesets, and showed similar effects of sex steroids on GABA receptor subunit gene expression in the AMD and HPC, and a more pronounced expression than in the MBH. Exposure to E+P attenuated GAD1, GAD2 and SLC32A1 gene expression in the AMD and HPC, but not in the MBH. GABA receptor subunit gene expression was generally higher in the AMD and HPC than in the MBH, with the exception of receptor subunits ε and γ2. Taken together, the data demonstrate differential regulation of GABA receptor subunits and GABAergic system components in the MBH compared to the AMD and HPC of rhesus macaques. Elevated ε and reduced δ subunit expression in the MBH supports the hypothesis that the hypothalamic GABAergic system is resistant to the modulatory effects of sex steroids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of 17β-estradiol and progesterone on GABAergic gene expression in the arcuate nucleus, amygdala and hippocampus of the rhesus macaque

Noriega¹,

Eghlidi²,

Garyfallou³

et al. 2010

Brain Research

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“…The program identifies peaks by searching for significant increases and decreases within a hormone concentration series. A cluster configuration of 2 · 2 (two test samples for the nadir and two for the peak) and t value of 2.0 · 2.0 were chosen to minimize false positive and false negative errors for 15-min data series (Rossmanith et al, 1990). At each time point the actual experimental error was estimated (from duplicate pulse analysis) as a constant coefficient of variation of 10%.…”

Section: Luteinizing Hormone Pulse Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact level of dihydrotestosterone on the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐leydig cell axis in men

et al. 2009

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Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) the physiologically most potent androgen cannot be aromatised into oestrogen. DHT is used as a treatment for idiopathic gynaecomastia. In order to investigate the different sites of action of DHT on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, two groups of adult men were studied. Group I included 10 gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-deficient men who were evaluated before and during a pulsatile infusion of GnRH alone for 2 weeks and then in association with DHT given transdermally at doses used in the treatment of gynaecomastia for further two weeks. Luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility was assessed at the end of each step of the study. Plasma LH levels were measured every 15 min. Plasma testosterone (T), DHT, oestradiol (E2), free alpha-subunit (FAS) of glycoproteic hormones and LH bioactivity were measured on pooled plasma samples. Group II included 12 healthy men in whom plasma T, DHT and E2 were measured before and then 24, 48 and 72 h after the injection of 5000 IU hCG alone or in combination with either DHT or the pure anti-androgen nilutamide. Two weeks separated each of the 3 hCG testing. In group I, except for bioactive/immunoreactive (B/I) LH ratio which was unchanged, GnRH treatment induced significant rises (p < 0.01) in all plasma hormone levels, LH pulse amplitude and frequency. During treatment with GnRH+DHT, plasma DHT levels increased up to 16.8 +/- 2.5 nm, while plasma hormone levels, B/I LH ratio, LH pulse amplitude and frequency were similar to those obtained with GnRH alone. In group II, the peak of hCG-induced T rise was not modified by either DHT or nilutamide. In contrast, DHT reduced by 50% (p < 0.01) the E2 peak in response to hCG. These data show that DHT exerts no direct action on the pituitary to retroregulate LH secretion and to modify either B/I LH ratio or FAS secretion. Its reducing effect on LH secretion is likely mediated at the hypothalamic level. DHT does not appear to have a physiological influence on Leydig cells steroidogenesis. Administered at therapeutic doses, DHT directly reduces testicular aromatase activity that combined with its antigonadotropic effect leads to the gain in the symptomatic treatment of gynaecomastia.

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“…This finding compares to the slowing of the pulse frequencies observed in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (13,(35)(36)(37). As the negative feedback action of P4 is exerted presumably at a hypothalamic site (38), our finding of reduced gonadotropin frequencies may result from an attenu¬ ated hypothalamic GnRH release.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Does the gonadotropin pulsatility of postmenopausal women represent the unrestrained hypothalamic—pituitary activity?

Rossmanith

Handke-Vesely²,

Wirth³

et al. 1994

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Ovarian sex steroids profoundly modulate the gonadotropin pulsatile secretion in women. A gonadotropin pulsatility determined in the absence of any considerable ovarian sex steroid feedback, as in postmenopausal women (PMW), may thus represent the unrestrained activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. We hypothesized that increases in the gonadotropin pulse frequencies and amplitudes during sex steroid replacements may be limited by those determined in the hypogonadal state of PMW. To address this assumption, we investigated the unstimulated the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in PMW before and during sequential ovarian sex steroid treatments. Seven PMW (mean age 59.4 years) were studied initially during unreplaced conditions (control studies), then on the last day of a 21-day course of oral estradiol valeriate (E2) administrations (2 mg daily) and, finally, on the last day of a 21-day course of oral estradiol-progesterone (E2/P4) replacements (2 mg of E2 and 200 mg of micronized P4 daily). On all study occasions, blood was drawn at 10-min intervals for 10 h and GnRH (25 micrograms iv) was administered 8 h after initiation of blood collections. Compared to control conditions, the basal serum estrogen (estrone and E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations markedly increased (p < 0.001) following oral E2 or E2/P4 treatments. As determined by Cluster pulse algorithm, LH and FSH were found to be released episodically during each study condition. Mean LH and FSH release rates declined (P < 0.05 or less) during E2 and E2/P4 regimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Pulsatile Cosecretion of Estradiol and Progesterone by the Midluteal Phase Corpus Luteum: Temporal Link to Luteinizing Hormone Pulses*

Cited by 53 publications

References 18 publications

Influence of 17β-estradiol and progesterone on GABAergic gene expression in the arcuate nucleus, amygdala and hippocampus of the rhesus macaque

Influence of 17β-estradiol and progesterone on GABAergic gene expression in the arcuate nucleus, amygdala and hippocampus of the rhesus macaque

Impact level of dihydrotestosterone on the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐leydig cell axis in men

Does the gonadotropin pulsatility of postmenopausal women represent the unrestrained hypothalamic—pituitary activity?

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