Pulsatility Index in Internal Carotid Artery in Relation to Transdermal Oestradiol and Time Since Menopause

Gangar, K. F.; Vyas, Sanjay; Whitehead, Malcolm; Crook, David; Meire, Hylton B.; Campbell, Stuart

doi:10.1097/00006254-199205000-00025

Cited by 65 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…Gangar et al 15 found that the pulsatility index of the internal carotid artery was inversely correlated with the time elapsed since the last menstrual bleeding and that oestrogen replacement therapy normalised the raised pulsatility index. 15 In the ascending aorta, Pines et al 16 demonstrated a gradual decline in Doppler-derived peak flow velocity, flow velocity integral and mean flow acceleration in women who went through menopause. In an earlier study 17 the same authors had shown that hormonal replacement therapy produced a significant improvement in these aortic flow measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menopause and the characteristics of the large arteries in a population study

et al. 2001

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In previous cross-sectional and longitudinal population studies, we found that the slope of systolic pressure on age was steeper in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women. We hypothesised that this observation could be due to a specific effect of menopause on the elasticity of the large arteries. We investigated 315 randomly selected women, aged 30 to 70 years. Based on 5.2 years of follow-up, 166 women were premenopausal and 149 menopausal (44 reaching menopause and 105 postmenopausal). These women were matched on age and body mass index with 315 men. We used a walltracking ultrasound system to measure the diameter, compliance and distensibility of the brachial and the common carotid and femoral arteries as well as carotidfemoral pulse wave velocity. Pulse pressure was determined from 24-h blood pressure recordings. Both in menopausal women (r = 0.37; P Ͻ 0.001) and in matching male controls (r = 0.16; P = 0.04), pulse pressure widened with increasing age. The slope of the 24-h pulse pressure on age was steeper in menopausal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menopause and the characteristics of the large arteries in a population study

et al. 2001

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“…Oestrogen replacement attenuates the postmenopausal increase in central adiposity. 23 Lesser central adiposity may contribute to the reduction in cardiovascular risk observed in addition to lipid 20,21 and vascular effects, 22 and helps explain the lower incidence of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) amongst ERT-users. 44 In conclusion, this study shows for the ®rst time that current smoking is associated with lower total and central fat, which cannot be attributed to differences in genetic factors, physical activity, diet or muscle strength, using reliable measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Postmenopausal oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT) use is associated with a 50% reduction in cardiovascular risk 18 but improvements in lipids 19±21 and vascular function 22 only partly explain this effect. 20 Studies using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) suggest oestrogen replacement may prevent or reduce central fat deposition in postmenopausal women 23 and this may be an additional mechanism of risk reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco smoking and oestrogen replacement are associated with lower total and central fat in monozygotic twins

Samaras

Spector

et al. 1998

Int J Obes

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BACKGROUND: The known postmenopausal increase in cardiovascular risk may relate in part to changes in fat distribution. Environmental factors which are known to in¯uence cardiovascular disease risk may do so in part by in¯uencing body fat and its distribution. OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationships between tobacco smoking, oestrogen replacement (ERT) and body fat and its distribution in postmenopausal women, independent of genetic factors, physical activity, diet composition and socioeconomic factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study in normal post menopausal twins. SUBJECTS: 712 postmenopausal female twins (aged 58.7 AE 0.2 y, body mass index (BMI) 24.4 AE 0.1 kgam 2 ). MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometry; body composition and fat distribution by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry; physical activity, muscle strength, socioeconomic status, dietary composition and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). RESULTS: In monozygotic pairs discordant for smoking, intrapair differences in total and central fat were greater than that in concordant pairs, with the lower fat mass in the smoking twin. Overall, smokers had a lower weight, BMI, total and central abdominal fat, despite a higher total and saturated dietary fat intake and similar DHEAS levels. The reduction in central fat was not independent of that in total fat. In monozygotic twins discordant for ERT-use the intrapair differences in total and central body fat were signi®cantly greater than in concordant pairs, with the lower fat measure in the ERT-using twin. Overall, current ERT-users had similar body weight, BMI and total fat compared to non-users but had lower central fat. There were no differences in activity levels, diet or socioeconomic factors between ERT-users and non-users. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking and ERT-use are associated with lower total and central fat in monozygotic postmenopausal twins. In current smokers, the lower central adiposity appears related to its in¯uence on total body fat. In ERT-users, lower central fat may contribute to the reduced cardiovascular risk associated with postmenopausal oestrogen use.

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“…[18][19][20] As well, we compared pressures in the same female subjects at menses and during the periovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, in view of the known vasodilator effect of circulating oestrogens. [21][22][23] We also utilised thermal stimuli as a way of specifically manipulating cutaneous vascular resistance, which might be anticipated to have an effect on the digital arterial environment without a substantial systemic effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of digital blood pressure measured with the Omron F3 device as an index of brachial arterial pressure, under different thermal and hormonal conditions

Tansey

Bell

2001

J Hum Hypertens

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Background: Devices that record from the finger have potential practical advantages for home monitoring of blood pressure. However, digital arterial pressure may vary substantially from that in the brachial artery, due to the influence of peripheral wave reflection. Aims: (1) To compare digital arterial pressure, as measured with the Omron F3 device, with brachial arterial pressure and (2) to determine the effect on digital pressure of changing local vascular resistance. Method: The subjects were normotensive young adult non-smokers (12 males, 14 females). Pressures were recorded simultaneously from arm (using an Omron HEM-705CP) and finger with subjects seated and both recording sites at the level of the xiphisternum. Measurements were made at ambient temperatures of 19؇C and 30؇C; at rest, during brief contralateral hand cooling and after hand rewarming.

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Pulsatility Index in Internal Carotid Artery in Relation to Transdermal Oestradiol and Time Since Menopause

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

Menopause and the characteristics of the large arteries in a population study

Menopause and the characteristics of the large arteries in a population study

Tobacco smoking and oestrogen replacement are associated with lower total and central fat in monozygotic twins

Evaluation of digital blood pressure measured with the Omron F3 device as an index of brachial arterial pressure, under different thermal and hormonal conditions

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