Pulsatility index in internal carotid artery in relation to transdermal oestradiol and time since menopause

Crook, David; Meire, HB; Gangar, K. F.; Vyas, Sanjay; Whitehead, M. I.; Campbell, Stuart

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)91500-t

Cited by 364 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Corresponding to high plasmic concentration of 17β-estrodial (E2), increased CBF was found in women between days 10 and 15 of the cycle followed by an established elevation in the luteal phase [61, 62]. The increased CBF is caused mainly by a decrease in vascular resistance in the brain, presumably due to the direct dilating effect of estrogen on cerebral vessels [63, 64]. Fluctuating hormone levels during the menstrual cycle also have acute effects on brain glucose metabolism [65] and D2 dopamine receptor density[66].…”

Section: Impact Of Age and Sex On Normal Brainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between age, sex, and hormones in experimental ischemic stroke

Liu

McCullough

2012

Neurochemistry International

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Age, sex, and gonadal hormones have profound effects on ischemic stroke outcomes, although how these factors impact basic stroke pathophysiology remains unclear. There is a plethora of inconsistent data reported throughout the literature, primarily due to differences in the species examined, the timing and methods used to evaluate injury, the models used, and confusion regarding differences in stroke incidence as seen in clinical populations versus effects on acute neuroprotection or neurorepair in experimental stroke models. Sex and gonadal hormone exposure have considerable independent impact on stroke outcome, but these factors also interact with each other, and the contribution of each differs throughout the lifespan. The contribution of sex and hormones to experimental stroke will be the focus of this review. Recent advances and our current understanding of age, sex, and hormone interactions in ischemic stroke with a focus on inflammation will be discussed.

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Section: Impact Of Age and Sex On Normal Brainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between age, sex, and hormones in experimental ischemic stroke

Liu

McCullough

2012

Neurochemistry International

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“…This difference, however, was still present during the 5th and 6th decade of life and disappeared only in the 7th decade, long after menopause. Studies employing Doppler ultrasonography have reported that variation in the pulsatility index (PI) within the internal carotid and middle cerebral artery increases after menopause and decreases following postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy [5, 6, 7, 8]. Although PI variations are related to changes in cerebrovascular impedance, it is not possible, in the absence of volume flow measurements, to ascertain if these changes are reflected in true variations of cerebral perfusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ovariectomy on Cerebral Blood Flow of Rats

Holschneider

Scremin²

1998

Neuroendocrinology

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Recent reports suggest that estrogens may enhance cognitive function in postmenopausal women and women suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. One of several proposed mechanisms of action of estrogen has been an improvement in cerebral blood flow (CBF). The current study examined the effects of estrogen deprivation resulting from ovariectomy on the CBF of rats using the quantitative autoradiographic ¹⁴C-iodoantipyrine technique. CBF was assessed in passively restrained, awake adult rats at 6 weeks following ovariectomy (n = 10) or sham surgery (n = 10). Rats demonstrated marked endometrial atrophy and a decrease in uterine weight (mean 78%) in response to ovariectomy. Ovariectomized animals did not differ from control animals both in the magnitude and the topography of cortical or subcortical CBF, including the medial preoptic area, amygdala, arcuate nucleus and anterior hypothalamus, areas previously associated with high estrogen binding. These results suggest that in young, surgically ovariectomized animals, hormonal factors do not significantly contribute to changes in basal CBF.

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“…There is increased evidence that HRT in postmenopausal women exerts a salutary vasodilatory effect on a number of vascular beds. Studies of the femoral, radial, dorsalis pedis, uterine, carotid and middle cerebral arteries after HRT show reductions in the pulsatility index, which is a measure of vascular resistance distal to the site of measurement [18, 19, 20, 21, 22]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy on Quality and Quantity of Tear, Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Blood Flow

et al. 2004

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Objective: To evaluate the effects of menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the quality and amount of tear, intraocular pressure (IOP) and retrobulbar blood flow velocities. Patients and Methods: Twenty women aged between 40 and 50 years, free of ocular and systemic diseases and planning to receive HRT were recruited as the study group. Twenty-four healthy, age-matched but still menstruating women were enrolled as controls. On the first day of study basal and reflex Schirmer test, tear break-up time and IOP measurements (at 08.00, 12.00 and 16.00 h) were performed for all groups. On the second day of the study, the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistivity index (RI) of the ophthalmic (OA), central retinal (CRA), nasal (NSPCA) and temporal short posterior ciliary (TSPCA) arteries were determined by color Doppler imaging. The menopausal group received HRT for 2 months, when all measurements were repeated for the 15 women who had received HRT on a daily basis. Results: The quality and amount of tear decreased (p < 0.01), IOP (p < 0.01) and RI of the CRA, TPCA and NPCA (p < 0.05) increased in postmenopausal women compared with the control group. After 2 months of HRT, the quality and amount of tear had increased (p < 0.001) and the IOP had decreased (p < 0.001). The PSV of the CRA and TSPCA had decreased (p < 0.05), as had the RI in the CRA (p < 0.001), NSPCA and TSPCA (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that age-induced changes on quality and amount of tear, IOP and retrobulbar blood flow are intensified by the menopause and that it may be possible to decrease the menopausal effects on these parameters by HRT.

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Pulsatility index in internal carotid artery in relation to transdermal oestradiol and time since menopause

Cited by 364 publications

References 20 publications

Interactions between age, sex, and hormones in experimental ischemic stroke

Interactions between age, sex, and hormones in experimental ischemic stroke

Effects of Ovariectomy on Cerebral Blood Flow of Rats

The Effects of Menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy on Quality and Quantity of Tear, Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Blood Flow

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