Pulsations during large-scale fire tests in the Runehamar tunnel

Lönnermark, Anders; Persson, Bror; Ingason, Haukur

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2006.02.004

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Pulsations (oscillation) of the main airflow were observed during the tests with fires that exceeded 125 MW -135 MW. Two different periods of the pulsations were registered, short periods of about 4 s and longer periods of approximately 18 s. These pulsations have been discussed thoroughly by Lönnermark and Ingason [7][8]. It has been shown with simple acoustic calculations that the oscillation periods (4 s and 18 s, respectively) are properties of the system.…”

Section: Pulsationmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…These tests have previously been presented and discussed in various publications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In previous publications on the Runehamar large-scale tests the focus has been on the measurements of heat release rates [1][2], gas temperatures in the ceiling [3][4], fire spread and flame lengths [5][6] obtained in these tests, pulsations of the tunnel flow in two of the tests [7][8], heat fluxes [4,9] and humidity and toxicity in these tests [10]. These papers are referred to frequently and widely used by practicing engineers and scientists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is thermal inertia of ith fuel. Any type of blockage of the ventilation flow on the upstream side (front) or the downstream side of the fuel (rear) may influence the fire growth rate given by equation(7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Runehamar tunnel fire tests

Ingason¹,

Li²,

Lönnermark³

2015

Fire Safety Journal

Self Cite

105

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Five large-scale fire tests, including one pool fire test and four HGV mock-up fire tests, were carried out in the Runehamar tunnel in Norway in year 2003. Detailed information about these tests is presented. In addition, previous work on these tests and new analyses are presented in this report. Heat release rate, fire growth rate, gas temperature, flame length, radiation, fire spread, gas production, ventilation, backside wall temperature, pulsation, backlayering and visibility are investigated thoroughly. Simple theoretical models are developed to estimate and predict these parameters. The correlations developed can be used by engineers working on fire safety in tunnels.

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Section: Pulsationmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Runehamar tunnel fire tests

Ingason¹,

Li²,

Lönnermark³

2015

Fire Safety Journal

Self Cite

105

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show abstract

“…As mentioned in the Introduction, simulations results were obtained for two different tunnel fires of which experimental data were available in the literature, i.e. a small scale steady-state tunnel fire [11], and a full scale unsteady fire in the Runehamar tunnel (UPTUN project) [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Experimental Data From the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity analysis of a computer code for modelling confined fires

Ciambelli

Meo

Russo

et al. 2006

WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences, Vol 53

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Full scale experiments of tunnel fires are expensive and difficult to be carried out while tunnel fires simulation by computer modelling is cheaper and faster. Therefore, such a tool can replace the experiments if simulation results are recognized to be reliable and reflecting the reality. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code AIR was employed for the description of the transient behaviour of confined fires. The code solves the balance equations for the conservation of mass, momentum, energy and gas species within the physical domain of interest and yields local predictions of temperature, velocity, smoke, species concentration, etc, as a function of time. Firstly a sensitivity analysis of the computer code with respect to its parameters was performed, then experimental data from literature were employed to test the computer code performances. Simulations were obtained for a small scale steady-state tunnel fire and for an unsteady-state tunnel fire. AIR's performances in simulating tunnel fires were fair. Results depend on code parameters (grid fineness, number of iterations and step time interval) and on initial and boundary conditions such as temperatures, ventilation, heat release rate and radiant and convective heat transfer at the walls. The main AIR's limit is that it cannot manage radiative heat exchange with the walls and time variable boundary conditions as those encountered in transient tunnel fires.

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“…As is well known, hydrogen has a low ignition energy suggesting that leaks have a high probability of ignition [7]. If hydrogen leaked from a hydrogen transport vehicle inside a tunnel, then a jet fire caused, it would be riskier than that of an open space [8][9][10][11]. In Wu's work, two computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations under different power of hydrogen jet fire inside a tunnel were carried out [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Hydrogen Jet Fires inside a Tunnel

Zhang¹,

Pan²,

Ni³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 2019 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy, Environment and Information Engineering (SEEIE 2019

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Compared with the hydrogen jet fire from a pressure vessel in an open space, the hydrogen jet fire inside a tunnel has a different kind of risk because of the semi-enclosed space. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the hydrogen jet fire from a hydrogen transport vehicle inside a tunnel were carried out. Several different factors, such as hydrogen leakage rate, leakage area, longitudinal ventilation, transverse ventilation and the volume of the tunnel, were considered to analyze the influence on the temperature and diffusion of hydrogen inside the tunnel during the jet fire. The results show that compared with an open space, the hazards of the hydrogen jet fire inside a tunnel lie in not only high temperature but also the accumulation of hydrogen, which may pose a secondary disaster inside the tunnel. In order to control the hazard and avoid a secondary disaster after the hydrogen jet fire happened, enough longitudinal and transverse ventilation is necessary inside the tunnel.

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Pulsations during large-scale fire tests in the Runehamar tunnel

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Runehamar tunnel fire tests

Runehamar tunnel fire tests

Sensitivity analysis of a computer code for modelling confined fires

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Hydrogen Jet Fires inside a Tunnel

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