Pulse Active Transform (PAT): A non-invertible transformation with application to ECG biometric authentication

Abstract

This paper presents a new transformation technique called the Pulse Active transform (PAT). The PAT uses a series of harmonically related periodic triangular waveforms to decompose a signal into a finite set of pulse active features. These features incorporate the signal's information in the pulse active domain, and which are subsequently processed for some desired application. PAT is non-invertible thus ensuring complete security of the original signal source. In this paper PAT is demonstrated on an ECG signal and used for biometric authentication. The new transformation technique is tested on 112 PTB subjects. It is shown in this paper that the new transformation has a superior performance compared to the conventional characteristic based feature extraction methods with additional security to avoid recovery of the original ECG

Cancelable and hybrid biometric cryptosystems: current directions and open research issues

“…It also provides good recognition accuracy (up to 97.95% GAR and FAR of 0.01%) and high level security for stored templates. Other approaches such as Hadamard transform , spiral cube (Moujahdi et al, 2012), pulse active transform (Safie et al, 2014) and Delaunay triangle have been used to carry out one-way transformation of biometric data. The achievements, performance and security of these and other related works are summarized in Table 1.…”

“…This makes it difficult for matching to be carried out in the transformation domain. One-way transformation techniques such as gray-combo and bin-combo (Zuo et al, 2008), pseudorandom permutation (Grassi and Faundez-Zanuy, 2009), spiral cube (Moujahdi et al, 2012), Hadamard transform , pulse active transform (Safie et al, 2014), alignment-free adaptive bloom filter (Rathgeb et al, 2014) and Delaunay triangle depend on the complexity of the algorithms, while user-specific secret permutation (Rathgeb and Uhl, 2010) relies on the secrecy of the permutation key. Although gray combo and bin-combo have long key lengths (260 bit and 560 bits respectively) and large key space, both approaches are susceptible to exhaustive search attack.…”

“…A previous work based on pseudorandom permutation (Grassi and Faundez-Zanuy, 2009) analyzed the security of the proposed technique without providing information on the recognition accuracy. On the other hand, approaches such as block remapping and image warping (Hammerle-Uhl et al, 2009;Farberbock et al, 2010), random scrambling (Jeong and Teoh, 2010), Hadamard transform , pulse active transform (Safie et al, 2014) and alignment-free adaptive bloom filter (Rathgeb et al, 2014) provide information on recognition accuracy but not on security.…”

ResNet‐Attention model for human authentication using ECG signals

“…The focus of previous studies on ECG-based authentication has been broadly in two areas (Table 5): (a) conventional machine learning techniques (Bin Safie, Nurfazira, Azavitra, Soraghan, & Petropoulakis, 2014;Choudhary & Manikandan, 2015;Gurkan, Guz, & Yarman, 2013;Guven, Gürkan, & Guz, 2018;Hammad, Luo, & Wang, 2019;Karegar, Fallah, & Rashidi, 2017;Louis, Komeili, & Hatzinakos, 2016;Pal & Singh, 2018;Safie, Soraghan, & Petropoulakis, 2011;Salloum & Kuo, 2017) or (b) deep learning-based approaches (Hammad, Liu, & Wang, 2018;Hammad, Zhang, & Wang, 2019;Luz, Moreira, Oliveira, Schwartz, & Menotti, 2018;Labati, Munoz, Piuri, Sassi, & Scotti, 2018).…”

Seleção de características para reconhecimento biométrico baseado em sinais de eletrocardiograma

“…onde m f = 1, 2, 3, ..., M e Mé o tamanho da PAT.As ondas triangulares devem possuir uma amplitude duas vezes maior que a amplitude do sinal de ECG(SAFIE et al, 2014). PAT aplicada a um batimento do indivíduo #1 da base de dados PTB com valor de T tri igual a 25.Neste trabalho o valor do parâmetro T tri foi definido igual a 10 que foi calibrado realizando a identificação com o classificador KNN com os 100 primeiros indivíduos do banco de dados PTB, variando o valor de T tri entre 1e 100.…”