Pulse check: Potential opportunities in pulsed electrochemical CO2 reduction

Bayesian Optimization of Electrochemical Devices for Electrons-to-Molecules Conversions: The Case of Pulsed CO2 Electroreduction

“…For these experiments, the active voltage was set to 3 V and the resting voltage set to 1.1 V, leading to an active total current density of 200-240 mA cm -2 . Our results show that FECO can be improved when appropriate pulsed potentials are applied [Figure 1(B)], as previously demonstrated in other reactor configurations 56,69,76,[81][82][83] . These initial results serve as a baseline for determining the optimal combination of active and resting pulse durations using BO.…”

“…Pulsed potentials, and resultingly current density, can elicit favorable transient behavior, affecting hydrodynamics, the electrocatalyst double layer, reactant concentration, and the presence or absence of different intermediates and adsorbates on the electrode surface microenvironment. [69][70][71] More specifically, previous studies have shown that the use of dynamic voltage pulses can control selectivity and/or stability of CO2 electroreduction. 56,[72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84] All of these studies used a systematic approach to determine optimal operation conditions leading to large information gaps between the tested experimental conditions and possibly suboptimal parameter selection.…”

Structure‐Function Correlation and Dynamic Restructuring of Cu for Highly Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Conversion

“…Pulsed electroreduction has been shown as an effective strategy to improve selectivity towards multi-carbon products. [81] Cuenya and co-workers suggested that the regenerated defects and Cu + species synergistically enhance the production of ethanol, based on ex-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and quasi in-situ LMM Auger. [82] Operando timeresolved XAS study by Chen and co-workers further tracked the Cu + and Cu composition and identified a Cu and Cu + coexisting state under a pulsed electroreduction.…”

“…Apart from the nanostructure design, introducing an oxidizing environment provides an alternative way to stabilize Cu + . Pulsed electroreduction has been shown as an effective strategy to improve selectivity towards multi‐carbon products [81] . Cuenya and co‐workers suggested that the regenerated defects and Cu + species synergistically enhance the production of ethanol, based on ex‐situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and quasi in‐situ LMM Auger [82] .…”

Contributions of Pulsed Operation Along with Proper Choice of the Substrate for Stabilizing the Catalyst Performance in Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 Toward Ethylene in Gas Diffusion Electrode Based Flow Cell Reactors

“…[ 9,10 ] However only recently, the pulse method gained increased attention within the CO 2 RR research community. [ 12–17 ] Our group previously reported results showing increased stability and selectivity using “pseudo‐anodic” pulses. [ 18,19 ] Pseudo‐anodic means that the applied regeneration potential is still below the open circuit potential (OCP) of the system, however, due to polarization from the previous working potential, a small anodic current can be measured.…”