Pulse Crop Adaptation in the Northern Great Plains

Miller, Perry R.; McConkey, B.G.; Clayton, George W.; Brandt, S.A.; Staricka, J. A.; Johnston, Adrian; Lafond, G. P.; Schatz, Blaine; Baltensperger, David D.; Neill, Karnes E.

doi:10.2134/agronj2002.0261

Cited by 179 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Despite the generally lower yields, the higher value of chickpea and lentil compared with dry pea may generate economic returns that are equal to or greater than dry pea, and represent good choices for diversifying dryland cropping systems in the dry semiarid prairie (Zentner et al 1999). An important agronomic research challenge is to further define soil-climatic optimums for these pulse crop options (Miller et al 2001).…”

Section: Seed Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adaptation of seven broadleaf crops to the dry semiarid prairie

Miller¹,

McDonald²,

Derksen³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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, J. 2001. The adaptation of seven broadleaf crops to the dry semiarid prairie. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 29-43. To develop diversified cropping systems for the dry semiarid prairie, the adaptation of alternative crops must be known. This experiment compared the adaptation of seven pulse and oilseed crops -desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) -with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), using two tillage practices -no-till and minimum tillage, including both fallow and wheat stubble-field phases. It was conducted near Swift Current, SK 1992-1996, and on a commercial farm near Congress, SK 1994-1995. Tillage system had no consistent effect on plant densities, which were generally adequate. Mustard, desi chickpea, dry pea and lentil required fewer degree days (5°C base) to reach anthesis, compared with wheat, while safflower and sunflower required more than wheat. Dry pea generally matured sooner than wheat, while lentil and mustard matured earlier than wheat only in years when near normal climatic conditions occurred. All other crops generally matured later than wheat. Safflower required an additional 400 degree-days and as a result presents considerable production risk in the semiarid prairies. Dry pea grain yields averaged 103% of wheat when grown on fallow and 135% of wheat when grown on stubble. Chickpea, lentil and dry pea yielded 76%, 77% and 90%, respectively, of their fallow-field yields when grown on stubble, indicating that the pulse crops have excellent potential for intensifying cropping systems in the dry semiarid prairie by replacing summerfallow in crop rotations. In contrast, wheat and mustard grown on stubble yielded only 66 and 61%, respectively, of fallow-field yields, suggesting they are not as well suited for stubble-cropping as the pulse crops. Low and highly variable yields were observed for safflower, dry bean and sunflower in both field-phases, although the yields from dwarf hybrid sunflower in the latter 2 yr of the study appeared promising. Low seed N concentration in wheat indicated yields were limited by soil-available N in most years, due to the generally wetter than normal growing seasons encountered during this study. The mean N yield (seed N concentration × grain yield) of dry pea was double that for chickpea and lentil, indicating that dry pea fixed the greatest amount of atmospheric N 2 . Water-use efficiency for dry pea averaged 9.4 kg ha -1 mm -1 compared with 7.4 kg ha -1 mm -1 for wheat. Dry pea, chickpea, lentil, mustard and sunflower have good potential for diversifying cropping systems in the dry semiarid prairie. Le régime de travail du sol n'avait pas d'effets constants sur la densité de peuplement des cultures, laquelles en général était satisfaisante. La moutarde, le pois chiche desi, le pois sec et la lentille prenaient moins de degrés-jours de croissance (seuil 5°C) pour arriver à ...

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Section: Seed Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adaptation of seven broadleaf crops to the dry semiarid prairie

Miller¹,

McDonald²,

Derksen³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…McCloskey (14) argues that risk reduction was the motivation of English farmers for "scattering each man's holdings in dozens of small strips" which, although inefficient, was widely practiced. Farmers can also plant a combination of crops adapted to wet or dry conditions to mitigate the risk associated with variable rainfall (15). A number of authors have argued that common property provides an important means of risk reduction that may be undermined by privatization (16)(17)(18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Income diversification and risk for fishermen

Kasperski

Holland

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

217

169

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Catches and prices from many fisheries exhibit high interannual variability, leading to variability in the income derived by fishery participants. The economic risk posed by this may be mitigated in some cases if individuals participate in several different fisheries, particularly if revenues from those fisheries are uncorrelated or vary asynchronously. We construct indices of gross income diversification from fisheries at the level of individual vessels and find that the income of the current fleet of vessels on the US West Coast and in Alaska is less diverse than at any point in the past 30 y. We also find a dome-shaped relationship between the variability of individuals' income and income diversification, which implies that a small amount of diversification does not reduce income risk but that higher levels of diversification can substantially reduce the variability of income from fishing. Moving from a single fishery strategy to a 50-25-25 split in revenues reduces the expected coefficient of variation of gross revenues between 24% and 65% for the vessels included in this study. The increasing access restrictions in many marine fisheries through license reductions and moratoriums have the potential to limit fishermen's ability to diversify their income risk across multiple fisheries. Catch share programs often result in consolidation initially and may reduce diversification. However, catch share programs also make it feasible for fishermen to build a portfolio of harvest privileges and potentially reduce their income risk. Therefore, catch share programs create both threats and opportunities for fishermen wishing to maintain diversified fishing strategies.F ishing is a risky business. Not only do fishermen face the highest rate of work-related fatalities of any US industry, with a fatality rate more than 30 times higher than average (1), they face high financial risk as a result of high year-to-year variation in their income (2). In this article we focus on the latter form of risk. High annual variation in income is a problem that is common to a variety of occupations dependent on natural resources, and there has been extensive study of income risk-coping mechanisms, particularly for farmers in developing countries (3-10). Riskreduction strategies used in agriculture might also be effective in fisheries. Crop diversification is a common means of reducing risk in agriculture, taking advantage of asynchronous variation in yield-response and prices to minimize idiosyncratic risk (11-13). Another common strategy in agriculture, particularly in semiarid regions with high fine-scale variation in rainfall, is to farm a number of geographically separated plots to ensure some will be in areas with sufficient rainfall (6). McCloskey (14) argues that risk reduction was the motivation of English farmers for "scattering each man's holdings in dozens of small strips" which, although inefficient, was widely practiced. Farmers can also plant a combination of crops adapted to wet or dry conditions to mitigate the risk assoc...

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“…greater when field pea rather than a cereal precedes a cereal crop in rotation (Wright 1990a, b;Stevenson and van Kessel 1996;Miller et al 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizobium inoculant and seed-applied fungicide effects on field pea production

Kutcher¹,

Lafond²,

Johnston³

et al. 2002

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Field pea has been shown to benefit from the use of rhizobium inoculation and seed-applied fungicides under intensive production. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of seed- or soil-applied rhizobium (Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae) inoculants and seed-applied fungicides on field pea (Pisum sativum “Carneval”) production on fields with no previous history of the crop. The study was conducted at seven locations in Saskatchewan in each of 2 yr. Fungicide treatments were Apron FL (metalaxyl), Apron FL + Thiram 75WP (dithiocarbamate) and an untreated check in 1997 and a fourth treatment, Thiram 75WP, was added in 1998. Rhizobium treatments were seed-applied liquid inoculant, soil-applied granular inoculant and a non-inoculated check. Inoculation with rhizobium increased nodulation (5 of 10 sites), seed yield (6 of 13 sites), and protein content (3 of 8 sites), but occasionally appeared to reduce emergence (3 of 14 sites). Granular inoculant had more beneficial effects than the liquid inoculant. Fungicide treatments had few positive effects on production, and occasionally negative effects such as reduced emergence. Interaction effects were rare between seed-applied fungicide and seed-applied liquid or soil-applied granular rhizobium inoculants, which indicated compatibility of these products. Variability in the effects of inoculant types and fungicides suggests that responses are dependent on local soil and environmental conditions. Key words: Apron (metalaxyl), Thiram (dithiocarbamate), Pisum sativum, zero tillage

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Pulse Crop Adaptation in the Northern Great Plains

Cited by 179 publications

References 4 publications

The adaptation of seven broadleaf crops to the dry semiarid prairie

The adaptation of seven broadleaf crops to the dry semiarid prairie

Income diversification and risk for fishermen

Rhizobium inoculant and seed-applied fungicide effects on field pea production

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