Pulse polarography

Electroanalytical Techniques Most Frequently Used in Drug Analysis

“…The DPV technique was proposed by Barker and Gardner [54] for the DME in order to enable lower detection and quantification limits for electrochemically active compounds.…”

“…Pulse techniques were initially developed for the dropping mercury electrode (DME), the objective being to synchronise the pulses with drop growth and reduce the capacitive current contribution by current sampling at the end of drop life, as well as increasing sensitivity-after applying a potential pulse, the capacitive current dies away faster (exponentially) than the faradaic current, (dependence on t À1/2 ) referred to as pulse polarography [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][52][53][54]. Nowadays, the DME is little used, because of its large charging currents and difficult-to-control convection at the electrode surface.…”

Electrochemical analysis of organic pollutants

“…Pulse polarography was invented by Barker and co-workers at Harwell in the late 1950's (ref. 3) and utilises the differing time dependences of faradic and charging currents. The pulse method imposes a series of pulses of increasing amplitude to successive mercury drops at a preselected time near the end of each drop lifetime.…”

Eighty Years of Polarography – History and Future

“…Further progress in this field can be documented by the above mentioned articles of Novotny and Kowalski and by papers of Gutz on versatile automatic mercury drop electrode [19,20]. ± Development of measuring techniques that proceeded from classical DC polarography [2], through oscillopolarography [21], Kalousek×s switcher [22], AC polarography [23], tast polarography [24], normal pulse polarography [25], differential pulse polarography [26], square-wave voltammetry [27], cyclic voltammetry [28], anodic stripping voltammetry [29], adsorptive stripping voltammetry [30], convolution techniques [31,32] and elimination methods [33,34]. Again, the initial impetus given by Professor Heyrovsky ¬ played a decisive role in this process resulting in the decrease of the attainable limit of determination from 10 À5 M for DC polarography through 10 À7 M for pulse techniques to 10 À11 M for stripping methods.…”