Pulse Spectrum Analysis of Hospital Patients with Possible Liver Problems

Abstract

Pulse diagnosis were performed on 85 patients who came to the hospital for liver and gall-bladder problems. Correlation between liver tests, which include T-Bil, D-Bil, SGOT, SGPT, ZTT, Alp, gamma-GT, Cho, Alb, and ultra sound scanning, and pulse diagnosis were analyzed. 77 out of 85 subjects showed abnormal liver tests. We used the following 5 criteria for pulse diagnosis as liver abnormality to test the correlation: (1) C1 > or = 3+ and C1 + C4 > or = 4+ or C1 + C6 > or = 4 (in intensity); (2) C1 < or = 3 (in intensity); (3) C6 > or = 3 and C1 + C6 > or = 4 (in intensity); (4) C6 < or = -2 (in intensity) and C6 < or = -2 (in the phase) and (5) C1 > or = 2 C3 < or = -2 (in intensity) or C3 < or = -2 (in the phase). For C1 (liver) every 5% above normal was given one "+," every 5% below normal was given one "-." For C3 (spleen), C4 (lung), C6 (gall-bladder), every 10% above normal was given one "+,", every 10% below normal was given one "-." For the phase, every 10% delay in the traveling speed was given one "-." When considering only the "+" and "-" states and neglecting the quantity of "+" and "-," there are 2(11) (from intensity) x 2(11) (from phase), which equal 2048 x 2048 possible states in the pulse analysis. We considered only 5 criteria for liver abnormality; the correlation was still very high, p < 0.0002, kappa = 0.64. It strongly suggests that meridian theory and pulse diagnosis have physiological and pathological importance.

Pulse wave reflections in branching arterial networks and pulse diagnosis methods

“…At first, the tree geometry defines the resonant harmonics, as they were introduced in (Wang et al, 1991;Yu et al, 1994;Lu et al, 1996;Young et al, 1992;Wang et al, 2000a;Wang et al, 2000b), and their amplitudes. The influence of the branching asymmetry ξ=0.25−1 on Y 1°= Y 1 / Downloaded by [University of Nebraska, Lincoln] at 18:58 05 April 2015 Y 1 0 is shown in Fig.…”

“…It helps to conduct the interpretation of Y 1°( n) curves in excess/deficiency terms without detailed understanding of the correspondent pathological variations of all the hemodynamical parameters. It should be pointed out that the diagnostics of the combined pathologies of different inner organs by the resonant harmonics method (Wang et al, 1991;Yu et al, 1994;Lu et al, 1996;Young et al, 1992;Wang et al, 2000a;Wang et al, 2000b) remains unclear. Different organs possess quite different main and some additional resonant harmonics (Yu et al, 1994;Lu et al, 1996;Wang et al, 2000a) and the coincidence of main and additional harmonics of different organs would be expected.…”

“…Based on the clinical observations and experiments the correspondence between the main resonant harmonics and the inner organs was proposed. In this scheme n=0−7 correspond to the heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, lung, stomach, gall and urinary bladders (Wang et al, 1991;Yu et al, 1994;Lu et al, 1996;Young et al, 1992;Wang et al, 2000a). These are the main inner organs and their state can be estimated by the pulse diagnosis methods of traditional Chinese medicine.…”

“…Both experimental investigations and clinical observations have revealed the existence of unique sets of resonant frequencies in the Fourier spectrum of the pulse in the inner organs (kidneys, liver, spleen and gall bladder (Yu et al, 1994;Lu et al, 1996;Young et al, 1992;Wang et al, 2000a)). The amplitudes of the resonant harmonics depend on the organ state (normal or pathological) and show the state in excess-deficiency terms.…”

Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pulse Diagnosis Quantification

“…The majority of the studies that use the frequency domain to analyze the arterial pulse have focused on differentiating diseases [35][36][37], examining the power spectrum in relation to the meridians [38,39], and investigating the relationship among disease, syndrome, and channels [23,[40][41][42][43]45]. Only a few studies have explored the characteristics of the power spectrum for different pulse conditions [46,47].…”