Pulse-wave velocity assessments derived from a simple photoplethysmography device: Agreement with a referent device

Abstract

ObjectivePulse-wave velocity (PWV), a common measure of arterial stiffness, can be measured continuously and across multiple body sites using photoplethysmography (PPG). The objective was to determine whether a simple photoplethysmography PPG PWV method agrees with a referent device.ApproachPhotoplethysmography heart-finger PWV (hfPWV) and heart-toe PWV (htPWV) were compared to oscillometric carotid-wrist PWV (cwPWV) and carotid-ankle PWV (caPWV) referent measurements, respectively. In 30 adults (24.6 ± 4.8 years, body mass index 25.2 ± 5.9 kg/m2, 18 female), three measurements were made: two supine baseline measurements (Base 1, Base 2) and one measurement (Tilt) 5 min after a modified head-up tilt test (mHUTT). Overall agreement and repeated measures agreement (change in PPG PWV from Base to Tilt vs. change in referent PWV from Base to Tilt) were calculated using linear mixed models. Agreement estimates were expressed as intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC).Main resultsFor hfPWV there was strong overall agreement (ICC: 0.77, 95%CI: 0.67–0.85), but negligible and non-significant repeated measures agreement (ICC: 0.10, 95%CI: −0.18 to 0.36). For htPWV, there was moderate overall agreement (ICC:0.50, 95%CI: 0.31–0.65) and strong repeated measures agreement (ICC: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.69–0.89).SignificancePhotoplethysmography can continuously measure PWV at multiple arterial segments with moderate-strong overall agreement. While further work with upper-limb PPG PWV is needed, PPG can adequately capture acute changes in lower-limb PWV.

Relationship between the Central and Regional Pulse Wave Velocity in the Assessment of Arterial Stiffness Depending on Gender in the Geriatric Population

“…Methods to take measurements continuously and across multiple body sites using photoplethysmography are also being developed, such as the comparison of overall agreement and repeated measures such as heart-finger PWV (hfPWV) and heart-toe PWV (htPWV). In [36], htPWV measurements were compared to oscillometric carotid-wrist PWV (cwPWV) and carotid-ankle PWV (caPWV) referent measurements in a group of 30 young people (24.6 ± 4.8 years). In a Czech study by L. Soukup [37] of 220 (age 21-71) normal, healthy, normotensive people who had no history of disease that had a major impact on PWV values and were not taking any related medications, the reliability of whole-body multi-channel bioimpedance to assesses pulse wave velocity and provide a reference value for measuring whole-body PWV was examined.…”

Remote physiological monitoring of neck blood vessels

“…Contact PPG (cPPG) utilizing photodiode sensors has also been used for local carotid artery PWV measurement 18 and average PWV measurement using the golden standard method 19 or between heart and finger 20 . Despite the convivence and easy use of cPPG, the signal collected from cPPG is based on a single pixel that reflects the blood volume change in tissue 21,22 , which can have significant variations from point to point.…”

ecoSync: An Energy-Efficient Clock Discipline Data Synchronization in Wi-Fi IoMT Systems

“…Traditionally, the monitoring system would collect heart rate and heart rate variability to assess Autonomous Nervous System (ANS) and stress-induced changes. If the system allows synchronized monitoring of multiple sensors, which was our primary objective, we can assess Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) as the speed of blood pulse after each heartbeat, and Pulse Arrival Time (PAT)/Pulse Travel Time (PTT) as a latency between electrical activation of the heart muscle (R peak of ECG) and pulse arrival at a certain point on body measured by PPG [10,11]. PWV can be calculated as PTT between sensors divided by the distance between two PPG monitoring locations.…”