Pulsed and continuous wave mobile phone exposure over left versus right hemisphere: Effects on human cognitive function

Haarala, Christian; Takio, Fiia; Rintee, Taija; Laine, Matti; Koivisto, Mika; Revonsuo, Antti; Hämäläinen, Heikki

doi:10.1002/bem.20287

Cited by 58 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…While the present study's findings are consistent with early reports that exposure to PM RF affects working memory performance (Koivisto et al, 2000, Regel et al, 2007a, Regel et al, 2007b, the majority of the literature has not found such an influence (Haarala et al, 2003, Haarala et al, 2004, Haarala et al, 2007, Krause et al, 2007, Leung et al, 2011). Although we cannot be conclusive, a number of reasons related to the methodological improvements employed by this study may explain the results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Pulse modulated radiofrequency exposure influences cognitive performance

Verrender

Loughran

Dalecki

et al. 2016

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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Purpose: To investigate whether exposure to pulse modulated radiofrequency (PM RF) influences human cognitive performance, and whether it does so in a dose-dependent manner. Materials and methods: Thirtysix healthy adults participated in a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced provocation study. Cognitive performance was assessed using a visual discrimination task and a modified Sternberg working memory task, which were calibrated to individual performance levels in a preliminary testing session. An sXh920 planar exposure system was used to generate a 920 MHz GSM-like signal, providing three conditions (peak-spatial SAR averaged over 10 g) of 0 W/kg (sham), 1 W/kg (low RF) and 2 W/kg (high RF). Results: A significant decrease in reaction time (RT) in the Sternberg working memory task was found during exposure compared to sham. This effect was not dose-dependent. Conclusions: Cognitive performance was shown to be faster under PM RF conditions, relative to sham, in a working memory task. While the majority of the literature has not found effects of PM RF exposure on cognitive performance, it is possible that the methodological improvements employed in the present study increased sensitivity, and thus the ability to detect potential effects. influences human cognitive performance, and whether it does so in a dose dependent manner. Materials and Methods:Thirty six healthy adults participated in a randomised, double blind, counterbalanced provocation study. Cognitive performance was assessed using a visual discrimination task and a modified Sternberg working memory task, which were calibrated to individual performance levels in a preliminary testing session. An sXh920 planar exposure system was used to generate a 920 MHz GSM-like signal, providing three conditions (peakspatial SAR averaged over 10g) of 0 W/kg (Sham), 1 W/kg (Low RF) and 2 W/kg (High RF).Results: A significant decrease in reaction time (RT) in the Sternberg working memory task was found during exposure compared to Sham. This effect was not dose dependent.Conclusions: PM RF exposure was shown to influence cognitive performance in a working memory task. While the majority of the literature has not found effects of PM RF exposure on cognitive performance, it is possible that the methodological improvements employed in the present study increased sensitivity, and thus the ability to detect potential effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The majority of studies using this task, however, have not found any effects of PM RF exposure on performance (Haarala et al, 2003, Haarala et al, 2004, Haarala et al, 2007, Krause et al, 2007, Leung et al, 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Pulse modulated radiofrequency exposure influences cognitive performance

Verrender

Loughran

Dalecki

et al. 2016

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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“…However, the majority of MP studies did not report any effects on N-back performance (e.g. Krause et al, 2000aKrause et al, , 2007Haarala et al, 2003Haarala et al, , 2004Haarala et al, , 2007. To date, only one group has used EEG measures to test whether there are MP-effects on neural processes relating to subtle cognitive processing during N-back tasks, with no consistency of results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 2G and 3G mobile phones on performance and electrophysiology in adolescents, young adults and older adults

Leung¹,

Croft²,

McKenzie³

et al. 2011

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective:This study was conducted to examine sensory and cognitive processing in adolescents, young adults and older adults, when exposed to 2nd (2G) and 3rd (3G) generation mobile phone signals. Methods:Tests employed were the auditory oddball and the N-back. Forty-one 13-15 year olds, forty-two 19-40 year olds and twenty 55-70 year olds were tested using a double-blind cross-over design, where each participant received Sham, 2G and 3G exposures, separated by at least 4 days. Results:Accuracy was not affected by exposure overall, but an augmented N1 was found in the 2G condition (independent of age group). The combined groups performed less accurately on the N-back during the 3G exposure (compared to Sham), with post hoc tests finding this effect in the adolescents only. No effect of 2G exposure on N-back was found either overall or in any group separately, and no effect of 2G or 3G exposure was found on reaction time. Neurophysiological underpinnings (event-related alpha; ERA) of the 3G behavioural effects were also affected, with more early ERA and slower late ERA in the 3G (compared to Sham). Conclusion/Significance:Employing tasks tailored to each individual's ability level, this study provides support for an effect of acute 3G exposure on human cognitive function.

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“…The vast majority of these studies examined the effects of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)-like signals [Hamblin et al, 2006;Wilen et al, 2006;Fritzer et al, 2007;Haarala et al, 2007;Irlenbusch et al, 2007;Krause et al, 2007;Regel et al, 2007a,b;Barth et al, 2008;Cinel et al, 2008;Curcio et al, 2008;Kleinlogel et al, 2008;Luria et al, 2009;Wiholm et al, 2009], whereas only a few analysed the impact of Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access/3rd Generation Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (WCDMA/3G UMTS) handset signals on cognitive function [Schmid et al, 2005;Kleinlogel et al, 2008;Unterlechner et al, 2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies on the possible effects of RF-EMF of GSM mobile phones on cognition did not find any difference in performance measures between real and sham exposure [Hladky et al, 1999;Croft et al, 2002;Haarala et al, 2003Haarala et al, , 2004Haarala et al, , 2007Hinrichs and Heinze, 2004;Besset et al, 2005;Russo et al, 2006;Cinel et al, 2007Cinel et al, , 2008Fritzer et al, 2007;Irlenbusch et al, 2007;Curcio et al, 2008;Kleinlogel et al, 2008]. On the other hand, there are an almost equal number of studies reporting effects on cognitive functions, however, the effects are not consistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by GSM 900 and WCDMA mobile phones on cognitive function in young male subjects

Sauter¹,

Dorn²,

Bahr³

et al. 2010

Bioelectromagnetics

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Results of studies on the possible effects of electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones on cognitive functions are contradictory, therefore, possible effects of long-term (7 h 15 min) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure to handset-like signals of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) 900 and Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) on attention and working memory were studied. The sample comprised 30 healthy male subjects (mean ± SD: 25.3 ± 2.6 years), who were tested on nine study days in which they were exposed to three exposure conditions (sham, GSM 900 and WCDMA) in a randomly assigned and balanced order. All tests were presented twice (morning and afternoon) on each study day within a fixed timeframe. Univariate comparisons revealed significant changes when subjects were exposed to GSM 900 compared to sham, only in the vigilance test. In the WCDMA exposure condition, one parameter in the vigilance and one in the test on divided attention were altered compared to sham. Performance in the selective attention test and the n-back task was not affected by GSM 900 or WCDMA exposure. Time-of-day effects were evident for the tests on divided and selective attention, as well as for working memory. After correction for multiple testing, only time-of-day effects remained significant in two tests, resulting in faster reactions in the afternoon trials. The results of the present study do not provide any evidence of an EMF effect on human cognition, but they underline the necessity to control for time of day.

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Pulsed and continuous wave mobile phone exposure over left versus right hemisphere: Effects on human cognitive function

Cited by 58 publications

References 19 publications

Pulse modulated radiofrequency exposure influences cognitive performance

Pulse modulated radiofrequency exposure influences cognitive performance

Effects of 2G and 3G mobile phones on performance and electrophysiology in adolescents, young adults and older adults

Effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by GSM 900 and WCDMA mobile phones on cognitive function in young male subjects

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