Pulsed exposure toxicity testing: Baseline evaluations and considerations using copper and zinc with two marine species

Colvin, Marienne A.; Kowal, Katherine R.; Hayman, Nicholas T.; Stransky, Chris; Carlson, Steve A.; Rosen, Gunther

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130323

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A 96-h continuous exposure without post-exposure monitoring was conducted for each species as a comparison. The modified pulsed exposure approach as described in Herricks (1998, 1999) and Colvin et al (2021) was further studied and validated in the present study and can be applied for characterizing the toxic effects of contaminants in stormwater runoff (Brent & Herricks, 1998, 1999Colvin et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brent and Herricks (1998, 1999) evaluated latent toxicity from cadmium (Cd), Zn, and phenol to Hyalella azteca , Ceriodaphnia dubia , and Pimephales promelas while proposing that their method could be generalized to evaluate episodic toxicity from runoff from wet weather events (Brent & Herricks, 1998, 1999). Similarly, Colvin et al (2021) used the pulsed exposure with post‐monitoring approach to study the effects of Zn and Cu on Americamysis bahia and found that the toxicity of Cu and Zn would be underestimated without post‐exposure monitoring because of the latent effects of Cu and Zn to organisms (Colvin et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study uses a modified pulsed exposure approach as proposed by Brent and Herricks (1998, 1999) and Colvin et al (2021), which integrates relevant pulsed durations and post‐exposure monitoring to characterize the lethal effects of the heavy metals Cu, Zn, and Cd on the freshwater species H. azteca (Brent & Herricks, 1998, 1999; Colvin et al, 2021). In addition, the lethal and reproductive effects of Cd on C. dubia was characterized using the same approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization of Metal Pulsed Exposure to Aquatic Organisms with Post‐Exposure Monitoring: Implications for Stormwater Exposure Assessment

Karic

Colvin

Rosen

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Freshwater organisms are often exposed to contaminants such as heavy metals from stormwater discharges, which are dependent on rainfall duration and intensity. Therefore, standardized (48‐ or 96‐h) continuous exposure methods developed for whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing might not always accurately convey the effects of stormwater and runoff contaminants. The present study characterized the acute toxicity of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) to freshwater amphipods (Hyalella azteca) and cadmium (Cd) to water fleas (Ceriodaphnia dubia) using a modified exposure design that integrated relevant pulsed durations and included post‐exposure monitoring. Less than 24‐h‐old C. dubia and 7 to 8‐day‐old H. azteca were exposed to water spiked with Cu, Zn, or Cd using 6‐, 12‐, 26‐, or 96‐h durations under standard laboratory conditions and monitored for cumulative mortality and reproduction (C. dubia only). Lethal effect (LC10s, LC25s, LC50s) and reproductive effect (EC25s, EC50s) were determined based on either mortality or reproduction of organisms at the end of each pulse (6, 12, or 26 h) and at the end of their respective tests (96 h). For all metals exposed to each organism, acute toxicity was found to be highest for the (96 h) continuous exposures. For pulsed exposures, mortality continued to increase following transfer to clean water for post‐exposure monitoring. These results indicate a latent effect of Cu, Zn, and Cd to H. azteca and Cd to C. dubia. The present study concluded that using the continuous (48‐ or 96‐h) WET exposure method overestimates the effects of stormwater and runoff contaminants. However, pulsed exposures without post‐exposure monitoring also underestimate the toxicity of contaminants. The proposed pulsed exposure design provides a compromise that is more realistic than current WET methods to assess impacts from episodic events and accounts for potential latent effects that may be overlooked without monitoring post‐exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2488–2499. © 2022 SETAC

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Metal Pulsed Exposure to Aquatic Organisms with Post‐Exposure Monitoring: Implications for Stormwater Exposure Assessment

Karic

Colvin

Rosen

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

Self Cite

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“…Aquatic organisms are commonly exposed to contaminants from wastewaters in short‐term or intermittent exposures (Colvin et al, 2021; Gissi et al, 2021; Gordon et al, 2012). These pulsed contaminant exposures typically originate from industrial effluent or urban stormwater sources, where high concentrations of contaminant mixtures enter nearby aquatic systems for short durations (Stenstrom & Kayhanian, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toxicity comparisons were made for the tropical copepod A. sinjiensis using pulse‐exposure concentrations and TACs across 6‐ and 18‐h pulse exposures and 78‐h continuous exposures. Pulse exposures of 6‐ and 18‐h duration were chosen to be representative of rainfall in a typical 24‐h period, or a 96‐h period, respectively (Colvin et al, 2020). In the present study, it was hypothesized that TACs would enable improved prediction of the risk of short‐term exposures of ammonia and propoxur as fast‐acting toxicants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulse‐Exposure Toxicity of Ammonia and Propoxur to the Tropical Copepod Acartia sinjiensis

Stone

Koppel

Binet

et al. 2021

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Toxicity risk assessments of short-term discharges of contaminated waters to the aquatic environment have shown that receptor organisms can tolerate higher pulse-exposure than continuous-exposure concentrations of some contaminants. However, these observations are influenced by the mode of toxicity of the contaminants present and the concentration-time profile of the exposure. For common metal contaminants, the time-weighted average concentration (TAC) of the exposure has been useful for predicting risk of toxicity to multiple species, including the tropical, euryhaline copepod Acartia sinjiensis. To increase our understanding of the application and limitations of the TAC approach, the present study examined how varied pulse-exposure durations affect the toxicity of fast-acting contaminants, ammonia, and the common pesticide propoxur to this copepod species. Copepod larvae were exposed under continuous-exposure conditions (all life stages from eggs to nauplii to copepodites exposed) and as 6-and 18-h pulse exposures applied during the most sensitive life stage only (24-h-old nauplii) within 78-h tests. Larval development ratio and population size were assessed as test endpoints. Generally, increased exposure duration resulted in increased toxicity. Trends observed for ammonia and propoxur were slightly different for larval development and population size. Larvae tolerated greater concentrations of contaminants in a 6-h pulse (higher 10% effect concentration) than in an 18-h pulse, or a continuous 78-h exposure, whereas toxicity responses converged for the 18-and 78-h exposures. Continuous toxicity thresholds were always protective of pulse exposures, providing a conservative toxicity threshold for all durations of pulse exposures. Although generalizations for predictions of risk based on TACs are frequently effective for common metal contaminants, the TAC approach was not effective for ammonia and propoxur.

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Different effects of continuous and pulsed Benzo[a]pyrene exposure on metabolism and antioxidant defense of large yellow croaker: Depend on exposure duration

Zeng

Wang

Song

et al. 2023

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Pulsed exposure toxicity testing: Baseline evaluations and considerations using copper and zinc with two marine species

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization of Metal Pulsed Exposure to Aquatic Organisms with Post‐Exposure Monitoring: Implications for Stormwater Exposure Assessment

Characterization of Metal Pulsed Exposure to Aquatic Organisms with Post‐Exposure Monitoring: Implications for Stormwater Exposure Assessment

Pulse‐Exposure Toxicity of Ammonia and Propoxur to the Tropical Copepod Acartia sinjiensis

Different effects of continuous and pulsed Benzo[a]pyrene exposure on metabolism and antioxidant defense of large yellow croaker: Depend on exposure duration

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