Pulsed Immigration Events Can Facilitate Adaptation to Harsh Sink Environments

Peniston, James H.; Barfield, Michael; Holt, Robert D.

doi:10.1086/704608

Cited by 13 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The context of our study for propagule pressure is relatively simple as we only examined the effect of the number of colonizers in a single dispersal event (propagule size in the strictest sense) and used populations that were already highly preadapted to the new host. Including propagule frequency might result in a more complex and context‐dependent outcome, affecting not only ecological but also evolutionary processes (Wittmann et al , Koontz et al , Peniston et al ). Moreover, outcomes of manipulating propagule frequency would likely depend on the source of immigrants (their level of preadaptation), the number of colonizers in a single dispersal event and the competitive context of the habitat (Vahsen et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it has been shown that frequent colonization events (of non‐preadapted individuals) allow non‐preadapted populations of T. urticae to locally adapt to tomato plants, which ultimately allows successful colonization and establishment (Alzate et al , ). The number of colonizers has been shown to play an important role in adaptation: an increase in the number of immigrants helps populations to adapt to new habitats via genetic and demographic rescue (Alzate et al , Peniston et al ), but a further increase has a detrimental effect due to genetic load (Alzate et al , Peniston et al ). An increase in propagule frequency might benefit non‐preadapted populations (but not too high as this leads to maladaptation, see Brady et al , b for a review on causes and definitions of maladaptation), whereas, it might harm preadapted population (by turning them maladapted).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of preadaptation, propagule pressure and competition in the colonization of new habitats

Alzate

Onstein

Etienne

et al. 2020

Oikos

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To successfully colonize new habitats, organisms not only need to gain access to it, they also need to cope with the selective pressures imposed by the local biotic and abiotic conditions. The number of immigrants, the preadaptation to the local habitat and the presence of competitors are important factors determining the success of colonization. Here, using two experimental set‐ups, we studied the effect of interspecific competition in combination with propagule pressure and preadaptation on the colonization success of new habitats. Our model system consisted of tomato plants (the novel habitat), the two‐spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae as our focal species and the red spider mite Tetranychus evansi as a competitor. Our results show that propagule pressure and preadaptation positively affect colonization success. More successful populations reach larger final population sizes either by having higher per capita growth rates (due to preadaptation effects) or by starting a population with a larger number of individuals. Although populations are more successful colonizing non‐competitive environments than competitive ones, propagule pressure and preadaptation counteract the negative effects of competition, promoting colonization success. Our study shows the importance of propagule pressure and preadaptation for successful colonization of new habitats by providing the ability to cope with both the exigencies of new environments and the community context.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of preadaptation, propagule pressure and competition in the colonization of new habitats

Alzate

Onstein

Etienne

et al. 2020

Oikos

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“…It cannot be excluded that populations from isolated ponds could be reinforced in the future by recurrent pulses of immigration from the marshes. Such pulses could either only maintain the population as is, or may foster the spread of the species owing to a demographic or genetic rescue (Bourne et al, ; Ingvarsson, ; Kanarek, Webb, Barfield, & Holt, ; Peniston, Barfield, & Holt, ). Pulses of immigration could be facilitated by extreme flooding, even though it is very unlikely that flooding would connect isolated ponds to any watercourse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic drift during the spread phase of a biological invasion

et al. 2019

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Recent theoretical and experimental models have revealed the role played by evolution during species spread, and in particular have questioned the influence of genetic drift at range edges. By investigating the spread of an aquatic invader in patchy habitats, we quantified genetic drift and explored its consequences for genetic diversity and fitness. We examined the interplay of gene flow and genetic drift in 36 populations of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, in a relatively recently invaded wetland area (30 years, Brière, northwest France). Despite the small spatial scale of our study (15 km2), populations were highly structured according to the strong barrier of land surfaces and revealed a clear pattern of colonization through watercourses. Isolated populations exhibited small effective sizes and low dispersal rates that depended on water connectivity, suggesting that genetic drift dominated in the evolution of allele frequencies in these populations. We also observed a significant decrease in the genetic diversity of isolated populations over only a 2‐year period, but failed to demonstrate an associated fitness cost using fluctuating asymmetry. This study documents the possible strong influence of genetic drift during the spread of a species, and such findings provide critical insights into the current context of profound rearrangements in species distributions due to global change.

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“…This is remarkable for a terrestrial vertebrate with limited dispersal ability (Santos et al, 2008) after 3 millions of years of lineage divergence (Carranza et al, 2006). At the same time, the combination of divergence subject to selection, maintenance of ancestral adaptive variation, and permeability to gene flow may have rendered the large Psammodromus a species able to adapt to a wide variety of habitats (Lande & Shannon, 2006;Mackay, 1981;Paccard et al, 2018;Parter et al, 2008;Peniston et al, 2019;Welch & Jiggins, 2014), a trait which may underlie its success as the most abundant and widespread Iberian lizard (Huang et al, 2016;Pleguezuelos, Marquez, & Lizana, 2004 Levinst, 1962). After all, if only one dimension of environmental variation is considered, moving away from one end of the gradient inevitably leads to approaching the other end (Lahti et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, local adaptation of populations faced with novel environments could have been attained through genetic innovation. Genetic innovation might be provided in Lerma by immigrants bringing genetic variants from populations already adapted to similar environments (i.e., adaptation by immigration; Peniston, Barfield, & Holt, ). Both eastern and western lineages would show highly divergent homozygosity not only in neutral loci but also in the ones that are under selection, because of both the maintenance of ancestral lineage splitting (genetic drift) and the adaptation to their respective extremes of an environmental gradient, respectively (Díaz et al, ; Räsänen & Hendry, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combined use of raw and phylogenetically independent methods of outlier detection uncovers genome‐wide dynamics of local adaptation in a lizard

Llanos‐Garrido

Pérez‐Tris

Dı́az

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Local adaptation is a dynamic process by which different allele combinations are selected in different populations at different times, and whose genetic signature can be inferred by genome‐wide outlier analyses. We combined gene flow estimates with two methods of outlier detection, one of them independent of population coancestry (CIOA) and the other one not (ROA), to identify genetic variants favored when ecology promotes phenotypic convergence. We analyzed genotyping‐by‐sequencing data from five populations of a lizard distributed over an environmentally heterogeneous range that has been changing since the split of eastern and western lineages ca. 3 mya. Overall, western lizards inhabit forest habitat and are unstriped, whereas eastern ones inhabit shrublands and are striped. However, one population (Lerma) has unstriped phenotype despite its eastern ancestry. The analysis of 73,291 SNPs confirmed the east–west division and identified nonoverlapping sets of outliers (12 identified by ROA and 9 by CIOA). ROA revealed ancestral adaptive variation in the uncovered outliers that were subject to divergent selection and differently fixed for eastern and western populations at the extremes of the environmental gradient. Interestingly, such variation was maintained in Lerma, where we found high levels of heterozygosity for ROA outliers, whereas CIOA uncovered innovative variants that were selected only there. Overall, it seems that both the maintenance of ancestral variation and asymmetric migration have counterbalanced adaptive lineage splitting in our model species. This scenario, which is likely promoted by a changing and heterogeneous environment, could hamper ecological speciation of locally adapted populations despite strong genetic structure between lineages.

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Pulsed Immigration Events Can Facilitate Adaptation to Harsh Sink Environments

Cited by 13 publications

References 77 publications

The role of preadaptation, propagule pressure and competition in the colonization of new habitats

The role of preadaptation, propagule pressure and competition in the colonization of new habitats

Genetic drift during the spread phase of a biological invasion

The combined use of raw and phylogenetically independent methods of outlier detection uncovers genome‐wide dynamics of local adaptation in a lizard

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