Pulsed laser annealing of carbon black

Abrahamson, Joseph P.; Singh, Madhu; Mathews, Jonathan P.; Wal, Randy Vander

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2017.08.080

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…6g, black arrow), and where the concentric organization is lost. These images correspond well to the observed structural and chemical changes of carbon nanoparticles upon laser annealing [23,24], which simultaneously induces the crystallization of a part of the particles and the vaporization of another part,…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Yellowing of laser-cleaned artworks: Formation of residual hydrocarbon compounds after Nd:YAG laser cleaning of gypsum plates covered by lamp black

Berthonneau

Parent

Grauby

et al. 2019

Journal of Cultural Heritage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The removal of black crusts decaying the surface of artworks is an important concern for the conservation of cultural heritage. Nd:YAG laser cleaning of encrusted stones and plasters at 1064 nm is widely recognized as an effective restoration technique, but induces a noticeable yellowing of the surface. Several researches carried out on the effects of laser cleaning have been focused on the induced yellowing and how to visually mitigate this phenomenon. To this end, UV-B radiations were successfully used to lessen the laser-induced yellowing due to the removal of lamp black particles on gypsum. The mechanism at play for both the formation of the compounds yellowing the surface and their disappearance upon UV-B exposure remains, however, poorly understood. Within the frame of this research, we apply surface-sensitive characterization techniques to analyze the yellowed surface produced after Nd:YAG Q-Switched laser cleaning of lamp black deposit on a gypsum plate, and the same surface after UV-B exposure. A combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fouriertransformed infrared spectroscopy has been used to identify the residual carbon compounds responsible for the yellow coloration of the substrate. A nanoscale structural description of the ejected particles collected during the laser cleaning was finally performed with transmission electron microscopy. We found that the yellowing is due to partially oxidized hydrocarbons compounds deposited at the surface of the gypsum substrate. We propose that they form by reactions between carbon species emitted by the vaporization of the carbon particles, with hydrogen and oxygen produced by the dissociation of water molecules coming together from dehydration of the gypsum surface and from the water sprayed by the operator during cleaning.

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 81%

“…Indeed, since the thermal diffusion length is (4Dt) 1/2 where D is the thermal diffusivity of the material and the laser pulse duration [25], the energy of short laser pulses is mainly absorbed in a small thickness [2]. As reported by Abrahamson et al [23],…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yellowing of laser-cleaned artworks: Formation of residual hydrocarbon compounds after Nd:YAG laser cleaning of gypsum plates covered by lamp black

Berthonneau

Parent

Grauby

et al. 2019

Journal of Cultural Heritage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Consequently, CB is generally categorized as a non-graphitizable material since its mismatch stacking (turbostratic structure) carbon intraplanar spacing of 0.344 nm does not reduce to 0.335 nm for graphite even after heat treatment at 3000 ºC. [16] The latter happens for two main reasons: the small particle size and lattice mismatch. In case of small particle size, the forces binding each stacked graphene domain are weaker than in much larger sheets; the lower interplanar forces results in increased separation between sheets.…”

Section: Particle Structure and Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This junction takes place at the terminations of the edge planes to form closed polyhedrons with layer spacing greater than that of graphite. [16] Figure 1 -TEM images of (a) aggregate and (b) primary particle of carbon black Cabot REGAL® 250 (adapted with permission from reference [16]). Illustrative representation of (c) a hypothetical graphitic basic structural unit, and (d) a simplified example of hydrogen and heteroatoms present in it.…”

Section: Particle Structure and Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon black reborn: Structure and chemistry for renewable energy harnessing

Khodabakhshi

Fulvio

Andreoli

2020

Carbon

223

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon Black (CB) is one of the most abundantly produced carbon nanostructured materials, and approximately 70% of it is used as pigment and as reinforcing phase in rubber and plastics. Recent scientific findings report on other uses of CB that are of current interest, such as renewable energy harvesting and carbon capture. The present review focuses on the use and role of CB in renewable and environmental applications relevant to contemporary global challenges focusing specifically on clean energy. Key and recent research on the structure and chemistry of CB, including its uses as precursors to graphene quantum dots and hollow carbon spheres, is discussed in relation to renewable energy devices, electrochemical energy storage and environmental remediation. The surface chemistry of CB is closely related to that of graphitic and of turbostratic carbons through the predominant hexagonal carbon lattice from graphene fragments forming its basic structural units. Consequently, modern methods for grafting polymers and functional groups are easily translated to this abundant nanostructured material. Moreover, recent advances in electron microscopy that probe the structure of CB, and its electronic and physicochemical properties in nanocomposites revived the attention of what is wrongfully considered as a scientifically uninspiring material with limited potential for future technology breakthrough. CB has the potential to surge as a key player in renewable energy and environmental applications, meaning "When Black Turns Green".

show abstract

“…Carbon black, which adsorbs acidic substances, pollutes and corrodes buildings . Carbon black particles contain strongly carcinogenic substances, and when the human body inhales excessive carbon black, health will be seriously threatened …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of nanocomposites from cationic polyacrylamide and modified carbon black: Application as flocculants for oily sludge suspension

Tian

Chen

Liang

et al. 2018

Applied Organom Chemis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon black was modified using various liquid-phase oxidation methods (modified carbon black = m-CB, m = (1, 2, 3): 1, sulfuric acid/potassium permanganate method; 2, nitric acid method; 3, hydrogen peroxide method). With acetone-ethylene glycol as initiator, dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and acrylamide (AM) as monomer, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) was prepared by UV excitation of the monomer. The m-CB/CPAM nanocomposites were synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The factors that affected the molecular weight of CPAM were investigated, including the total monomer concentration, the dosage of the complex initiator, the mass ratio of m AM :m DMDAAC and the UV irradiation time. The chemical structures and morphologies of the samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental composition, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 1-CB/CPAM was utilized to flocculate oil sludge suspension, and the effects of 1-CB quality, 1-CB/CPAM dosage, temperature and pH value on the flocculation performance of 1-CB/ CPAM were investigated. The flocculation mechanism of 1-CB/CPAM was also analyzed. The results show that 1-CB/CPAM has an outstanding flocculation effect, and it flocculates oil sludge particles by adsorption bridging and charge neutralization in acidic and alkaline conditions.

show abstract

Pulsed laser annealing of carbon black

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

Yellowing of laser-cleaned artworks: Formation of residual hydrocarbon compounds after Nd:YAG laser cleaning of gypsum plates covered by lamp black

Yellowing of laser-cleaned artworks: Formation of residual hydrocarbon compounds after Nd:YAG laser cleaning of gypsum plates covered by lamp black

Carbon black reborn: Structure and chemistry for renewable energy harnessing

Synthesis of nanocomposites from cationic polyacrylamide and modified carbon black: Application as flocculants for oily sludge suspension

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About