Pulsed Laser Deposition for Improved Metal-oxide Gas Sensing Layers

Huotari, Joni; Kekkonen, Ville; Puustinen, Jarkko; Liimatainen, J.; Lappalainen, Jyrki

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.341

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The broad stretching vibration peak 3450 cm –1 is ascribed asymmetric ν(OH) stretching mode from water/metal hydroxyl in α-phase ν(Ni–OH). The sharp peak around 1620 cm –1 is ascribed to δ(OH) bending vibration 28 on the Ni surface. The aforementioned results confirm that Ni(OH) 2 was precipitated successfully.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Nickel from Nickel Sulfite-Fire Assay Dissolution Filtrate Through Precipitation

Mabowa,

Mkhohlakali,

Mokoena

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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This study responds to stringent environmental regulations and increasing focus on resource conservation by exploring economically viable refining technologies through recycling. With the rising costs of filtrate disposal, there is a significant emphasis on removing and recycling valuable constituents, particularly nickel and copper (Ni and Cu). Herein, we employ analytical techniques with the aim of investigating an alternative method for recovering Ni and other valuable metals from a nickel sulfide-fire assay filtrate using Scurve precipitation under optimal conditions. The waste from the fire assay procedure contains substantial amounts of Ni and other critical metals, with concentrations of 62.7 g/L of Ni and 3.87 g/L of Cu. Prior to precipitation, traditional solvent extraction was used for Cu extraction, selectively removed before separating primary impurities such as iron (Fe). A pivotal aspect of this research involves applying S-curve precipitation with precise parameters at different pH levels. Analytical techniques reveal a minor depletion occurs as Ni is separated from Fe at a pH of 2.5, resulting in the formation of a refined Ni stream that is then refined into a mixed hydroxide Ni(OH) 2 product. The efficiency of 5,8-diethyl-7-hydroxydodecan-6-oxime (LIX 63−70) in extracting valueadded metals from fire assay waste is exceptionally high, integrating recycling and repurposing of value-added base metals to promote a circular economy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Nickel from Nickel Sulfite-Fire Assay Dissolution Filtrate Through Precipitation

Mabowa,

Mkhohlakali,

Mokoena

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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“…Amongst all the phases of WO 3 , hexagonal ( h ‐WO 3 ) and monoclinic in the form of thick film (150–200 nm) are usually used as photocatalyst, [ 18 ] batteries, [ 19 ] and gas‐sensing elements. [ 20 ] While the exposed facet, such as triclinic (200), was found to be important for sensing applications, oxygen density as well as energy level positioning played an important role in achieving the desired performance in photocatalysts. Several physical and chemical routes such as pulsed laser, [ 20 ] spray pyrolysis, [ 21 ] sputtering, thermal/e‐beam evaporation, [ 22 ] chemical vapor deposition, spin‐coating, and sol–gel [ 23 ] have been adopted to prepare WO 3 thin films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 20 ] While the exposed facet, such as triclinic (200), was found to be important for sensing applications, oxygen density as well as energy level positioning played an important role in achieving the desired performance in photocatalysts. Several physical and chemical routes such as pulsed laser, [ 20 ] spray pyrolysis, [ 21 ] sputtering, thermal/e‐beam evaporation, [ 22 ] chemical vapor deposition, spin‐coating, and sol–gel [ 23 ] have been adopted to prepare WO 3 thin films. However, crystalline WO 3 phases could only be prepared at substrate temperature >300 °C owing to insufficient energy available for the mobility of the condensed species and further crystallization could be obtained after post‐annealing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Variation of Ultrathin WO₃ Electron‐Transport Layer Prepared by Scalable Langmuir–Blodgett Technique to Boost Efficiency of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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In third‐generation solar cells, dye sensitized (DSCs) and perovskite (PSCs) both, the role of electron‐transport layers (ETLs) is to block hole transfer at fluorine‐doped tin oxide/mesoporous TiO2 interface, while efficiently transporting the electron at this interface. Conventional solution‐processed dense anatase TiO2 ETL is limited by its low electron mobility. WO3, despite having higher electron mobility and chemical stability, has seldom been used as ETL in DSCs/PSCs, owing to poor crystalline structure and interfacial charge transfer in ETLs prepared using existing methods. Herein this paper, ultrathin and uniform WO3 films of different crystalline structures, such as tetragonal (t‐), orthorhombic (o−), hexagonal (h−), and monoclinic (m−), prepared by scalable Langmuir–Blodgett method, are reported. The efficiency (η) of DSCs fabricated with ETL having high‐symmetry phases of WO3 (h‐WO3, o‐WO3, t‐WO3) is found to exceed the efficiency of devices having ETL of low‐symmetry WO3 phase (m‐WO3). Further, highest η ≈ 9.53%, tantamount to an improvement of 13%, is found in DSCs fabricated with ETL having a mixed phase of o‐ and t‐WO3 and surpassed η of devices based on TiO2 ETLs (8.4%). Herein, the role of structure/phase of WO3 ETLs toward enhancing device performance and outperforming the conventional TiO2 ETLs‐based DSCs is highlighted.

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“…One of the techniques to produce thin films of metal oxide semiconductors is physical vapor deposition (PVD), including thermal evaporation (EV), pulsed laser deposition (PLD), magnetron sputtering (MS), and ion beam sputter deposition (IBSD). These methods are Coatings 2022, 12, 1565 2 of 17 used to deposit high-quality thin films of metal oxide semiconductors for various applications, with a wide range of thicknesses, to combine the production of thin films with microelectronic technologies, and to modify the composition of, and control the properties of, films by varying the conditions of their deposition [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. IBSD is distinguished by the highest energies of forming particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Sensitivity of IBSD Deposited TiO2 Thin Films

et al. 2022

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TiO2 films of 130 nm and 463 nm in thickness were deposited by ion beam sputter deposition (IBSD), followed by annealing at temperatures of 800 °C and 1000 °C. The effect of H2, CO, CO2, NO2, NO, CH4 and O2 on the electrically conductive properties of annealed TiO2 thin films in the operating temperature range of 200–750 °C were studied. The prospects of IBSD deposited TiO2 thin films in the development of high operating temperature and high stability O2 sensors were investigated. TiO2 films with a thickness of 130 nm and annealed at 800 °C demonstrated the highest response to O2, of 7.5 arb.un. when exposed to 40 vol. %. An increase in the annealing temperature of up to 1000 °C at the same film thickness made it possible to reduce the response and recovery by 2 times, due to changes in the microstructure of the film surface. The films demonstrated high sensitivity to H2 and nitrogen oxides at an operating temperature of 600 °C. The possibility of controlling the responses to different gases by varying the conditions of their annealing and thicknesses was shown. A feasible mechanism for the sensory effect in the IBSD TiO2 thin films was proposed and discussed.

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Pulsed Laser Deposition for Improved Metal-oxide Gas Sensing Layers

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Removal of Nickel from Nickel Sulfite-Fire Assay Dissolution Filtrate Through Precipitation

Removal of Nickel from Nickel Sulfite-Fire Assay Dissolution Filtrate Through Precipitation

Phase Variation of Ultrathin WO₃ Electron‐Transport Layer Prepared by Scalable Langmuir–Blodgett Technique to Boost Efficiency of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Gas Sensitivity of IBSD Deposited TiO2 Thin Films

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Pulsed Laser Deposition for Improved Metal-oxide Gas Sensing Layers

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Removal of Nickel from Nickel Sulfite-Fire Assay Dissolution Filtrate Through Precipitation

Removal of Nickel from Nickel Sulfite-Fire Assay Dissolution Filtrate Through Precipitation

Phase Variation of Ultrathin WO3 Electron‐Transport Layer Prepared by Scalable Langmuir–Blodgett Technique to Boost Efficiency of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Gas Sensitivity of IBSD Deposited TiO2 Thin Films

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Phase Variation of Ultrathin WO₃ Electron‐Transport Layer Prepared by Scalable Langmuir–Blodgett Technique to Boost Efficiency of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells