Pultrusion of large thermoplastic composite profiles up to Ø 40 mm from glass-fibre/PET commingled yarns

Effects of the Pre-Consolidated Materials Manufacturing Method on the Mechanical Properties of Pultruded Thermoplastic Composites

“…Depending on the polymer matrix used, two types of FRP composites can be distinguished—thermoset and thermoplastic ones [ 2 ]. Compared to their thermoset counterparts, thermoplastic FRP composites offer numerous advantages, such as higher impact toughness [ 3 ], recyclability [ 4 ], lower environmental impact [ 5 ], higher production speed [ 6 ], weldability [ 7 ], and bendability [ 8 ]. Pultrusion is claimed to be the most efficient process for the production of thermoplastic FRP composites with constant cross sections [ 9 ].…”

Continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite pultrusion with in situ polymerizable methyl methacrylate: A review

“…Interestingly, Han et al [ 71 ] proposed a thermo‐chemical process model to forecast the temperature evolution and degree of polymerization for glass/Elium® acrylic thermoplastic resin composites, and reported a non‐linear increase in peak temperature with a leap in thickness and mold temperature, which means the influence of thickness on the temperature peak decrease for above 20 mm fabrics. Additionally, Volk et al [ 72 ] utilized the 2D finite element model to predict the heat transfer and fluid flow physics of the pultrusion process for Ø 5–Ø 40 mm thermoplastic composite rods, and highlighted the preheating ensured homogeneous heat introduction under a combination of the low thermal conductivity of the matrix and the low residence time inside the heating die. For large pultruded diameter, heat extraction inside the cooling die is more critical because the residual heat in the core makes the outer surface reheat, and potentially induce deconsolidation.…”

Cost-efficient, automated, and sustainable composite profile manufacture: A review of the state of the art, innovations, and future of pultrusion technologies

“…Over the last 50 years, more than 1400 papers have been published in scientific journals and conference proceedings about pultrusion 3 , which includes theoretical and experimental studies of various thermoset resin systems [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], thermoplastics [20,22,24,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49], as well as alternative and renewable materials and reinforcements [50][51][52][53][54]. For resin-injection pultrusion, in particular, where analyses of the impregnation flow is essential to ensure saturation [15,[38][39][40]55,56], studies have considered geometrical configurations of the injection chamber [57][58][59][60][61] as well as other process parameters such as the profile-advancing pulling speed [62], resin viscosity [63], and fibre permeability [64].…”

“…For cost-efficient pultrusion of smaller series of profiles, the batch-pultrusion approach allows manufacturing profiles of limited length. Conventional continuous pultrusion requires an extensive bobbin creel, yarn guidance system as well as a large material stock, but batch pultrusion circumvents the space requirements and associated equipment and material cost by winding material from a single bobbin into one thick loop that is then fed through the pultrusion die to achieve the required throughput [24].…”