Punched-card techniques and their applications to scientific problems.

Busting out of crystallography's Sisyphean prison: from pencil and paper to structure solving at the press of a button: past, present and future of crystallographic software development, maintenance and distribution

“…F. Riley BSc, who made available to us the parts used in the machine'. (Lu et al, 1941;Shaffer et al, 1946;Eckert, 1947;Donohue & Schomaker, 1949;Hughes, 1952a). This influence was via Eckert being a reviewer on a funding proposal to build a mechanical computer for summing Fourier series as submitted by Linus Pauling to a Committee on Scientific Aids to Learning (Hughes, 1952a;Shaffer et al, 1946).…”

Rapid Routine Calculation of Multicomponent Mixtures with Punched Card Machines

“…A general description of the method is given below. Detailed General principles of punched card computation have been discussed by Eckert (4,5) and King (S). The following International Business Machines Corporation equipment was available for the computations:…”

Machine Computation of Relation between Resistance and Temperature of Resistance Thermometer

“…The apparatus here described is a portable laboratory scale model of the Venturi scrubbers used for fume recovery in plant stack gases, and is based in principle on the industrial models described by Anthony (2). Essentially, it affords a means of injecting a scrubbing liquid into a rapidly moving stream of air at a Venturi throat; the liquid stream is there reduced to a fine spray with droplet acceleration, and subsequently the spray-gas mixture is decelerated and separated.…”

“…Essentially, it affords a means of injecting a scrubbing liquid into a rapidly moving stream of air at a Venturi throat; the liquid stream is there reduced to a fine spray with droplet acceleration, and subsequently the spray-gas mixture is decelerated and separated. The efficient collection of particulate impurities probably is due chiefly to collision with water droplets and diffusion into the water (2). Johnstone and Roberts (J) have advanced a "diffusion theory" in which it is shown that aerosol particles of 0.1-micron diameter or less have .sufficient Brownian movement to be considered as acting like large gas molecules; thus the collection of such particles might be considered to be analogous to gas absorption in liquid droplets.…”