Puncture Treatment of Sinusitis in Patients Whith Cytopenia After Hemopoietic Stem Cells Transplantation

Abstract

Introduction: Sinusitis is one of the most common infectious complications at the stages of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Diagnosis and treatment patients whith cytopenia often causes difficulties for otorhinolaryngologists. Objective: To analyze the possibility of puncture of the maxillary sinuses in patients whith cytopenia after hemopoietic stem cells transplantation. Materials and methods. The case histories of 350 patients whith rhinosinusitis, who received treatment at the Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation from January 2017 to June 2018 were analyzed. Of these patients, 41 (11%) (11 – 62 y.o.) underwent puncture of the maxillary sinuses. The control group included 59 immunocompetent patients undergoing puncture treatment for sinusitis. Results: The clinical picture of sinusitis in patients with cytopenia was different from the classical one. In cases of severe anemia (<80 g/l), paleness of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity prevailed; with extremely severe neutropenia (<0.5 x 109/l), and leukopenia (<1.0 x 109/l) in the vast majority of patients, the nasal discharge was mucopurulent. 10% patients with drug immunosuppression and agranulocytosis have pronounced edema and hyperemia of nasal soft tissues. In 19.5% patients, who underwent puncture, severe thrombocytopenia (<25 x 109/l) was observed. In 3 (7%) patients, significant bleeding was observed after puncture. In punctate we observed Str. Viridans (26.8%), Pseudomonas spp. (14.6%), and Klebsiella pneumonia (12.2%) of cases. Conclusion: Sinusitis with cytopenia is prone to atypical course. Symptoms in these conditions can vary from scanty to pronounced. Puncture of the maxillary sinuses in such patients can be performed according to indications.