Punishment Learning in U.S. Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Sawyer, Alice T.; Liverant, Gabrielle I.; Jun, Janie J.; Lee, Daniel J.; Cohen, Andrew L.; Dutra, Sunny J.; Pizzagalli, Diego A.; Sloan, Denise M.

doi:10.1002/jts.22109

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Alongside the general mental health benefits, there were strong clinical mental health benefits found in participating in lifestyle sports. A reduction in symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and PTSD were reported across a range of studies (Glassman et al, 2021;Rogers et al 2014;Caddick et al, 2015;Crawford, 2016;Caddick & Smith, 2017;Morgan et al, 2018;Zieliński et al, 2018;Stelzer et al, 2018;Walter et al, 2019;Krpalek et al, 2020;Otis et al, 2020). This was mainly when the study was focusing on these mental disorders, but does display the power that these sports have on a clinical level.…”

Section: Clinicalmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Synonymous with the health benefits garnered from lifestyle sports was the thrill and adrenaline of participation (Crawford, 2016;Yarwasky & Furst, 1996;Oriel et al, 2018;Tangen & Kudlacek, 2014). These thrills manifested in numerous ways, offering disabled people a reason to engage in physical activity (Christensen et al, 2017), develop coping strategies to deal with their disabilities (Rojhani et al, 2017) and to help reconstruct identity after life changing experiences (Tangen & Kudlacek, 2014).…”

Section: Thrill Of Sport / the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants reported increased capability of walking independently (DelGrande et al, 2019;Schmid et al, 2019), transferring from wheelchair to bed (Casey et al, 2009;Walsh & Scharf, 2013) and in some cases a reduction in general pain (Fleischmann et al, 2011;Britton et al, 2020;Krpalek et al, 2020;Naumann et al, 2021;Henrykowska et al, 2021). Lifestyle sports have been successful in treating the symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and PTSD whilst giving confidence to disabled people through mastering a new skill (Glassman et al, 2021;Rogers et al 2014;Caddick et al, 2015;Crawford, 2016;Caddick & Smith, 2017;Morgan et al, 2018;Zieliński et al, 2018;Stelzer et al, 2018;Walter et al, 2019;Krpalek et al, 2020;Otis et al, 2020). However, these benefits were not always long lasting and in a few instances depression and PTSD returned to baseline levels after completion of the intervention, highlighting the need for ongoing support (Moore et al, 2017;Carta et al, 2014, Morgan et al, 2018.…”

Section: The Physical and Mental Health Benefits Of Lifestyle Sports ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For disabled people these shared experiences and opportunities to mix brought with them friendship and in some cases a safe domain to share some of their mental health issues. This therapeutic element of the lifestyle sports experience was found to positively impact people with PTSD, depression or anxiety (Rogers et al, 2014;Crawford, 2016;Caddick et al, 2015;Caddick & Smith, 2017;Stelzer et al, 2018;Zieliński et al, 2018;Walter et al, 2019;Otis et al, 2020;Blumhorst et al, 2020;Krpalek et al, 2020), whilst the group based social element proved valuable to those people on the autism spectrum in particular (Stuhl & Porter, 2015;Oriel et al, 2018;Van der Merwe & Yarrow, 2020;Britton et al, 2020).…”

Section: The Physical and Mental Health Benefits Of Lifestyle Sports ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our review finds a more complex answer. Whilst the thrill and adrenaline of these alternative sports was an attraction (Carta et al, 2014;Crawford, 2016;Oriel et al, 2018;Tangen & Kudlacek, 2014;Yarwasky & Furst, 1996), offering difference to traditional sports, there was no evidence to suggest it was anti-establishment. Disabled people took part in lifestyle sports that now have formal associations.…”

Section: The Physical and Mental Health Benefits Of Lifestyle Sports ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Physical and Mental Health Benefits of Lifestyle Sports for Disabled People: A Scoping Review

YOUNGSON

Foster

Lambert

2023

International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences

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Background There is growing evidence to suggest the physical and mental health benefits of lifestyle sports (LS) in disabled people. However, disabled people are less likely to participate in sports than those without disabilities and the evidence base is sporadic. Objectives This scoping review explores the range and quality of the evidence base to determine what, if any, physical and mental health benefits are attached to disabled people participating in lifestyle sports. Methods Eligible studies consisted of participants participating in LS with a physical, intellectual, mental or sensory disability and included both adults and children. Descriptive, thematic and quality assessment techniques were used to provide a comprehensive summary of all evidence. Results We identified 57 studies, across seven different sports, with numerous physical and mental health benefits to disabled people, including improved strength, fitness and balance as well as confidence, self-esteem and overall psychological wellbeing. Key emergent themes were that participation in LS promoted the development of social skills and building of community. Conclusions Our scoping review was the first to explore this field of research, revealing a unanimously positive association between lifestyle sports and physical and mental health. Future research could focus on understanding the relationship and mechanisms between the sport, being in nature, or participating as part of a group that creates health benefits; and identifying appropriate duration, intensity and quantity of participation needed for long-term improvements.

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Section: Clinicalmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Thrill Of Sport / the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Physical and Mental Health Benefits Of Lifestyle Sports ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Physical and Mental Health Benefits Of Lifestyle Sports ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Physical and Mental Health Benefits Of Lifestyle Sports ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Physical and Mental Health Benefits of Lifestyle Sports for Disabled People: A Scoping Review

YOUNGSON

Foster

Lambert

2023

International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences

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The effects of trauma on feedback processing: an MEG study

Sawalma,

Kiefer,

Boers

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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The cognitive impact of psychological trauma can manifest as a range of post-traumatic stress symptoms that are often attributed to impairments in learning from positive and negative outcomes, aka reinforcement learning. Research on the impact of trauma on reinforcement learning has mainly been inconclusive. This study aimed to circumscribe the impact of psychological trauma on reinforcement learning in the context of neural response in time and frequency domains. Two groups of participants were tested - those who had experienced psychological trauma and a control group who had not - while they performed a probabilistic classification task that dissociates learning from positive and negative feedback during a magnetoencephalography (MEG) examination. While the exposure to trauma did not exhibit any effects on learning accuracy or response time for positive or negative feedback, MEG cortical activity was modulated in response to positive feedback. In particular, the medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortices (mOFC and lOFC) exhibited increased activity, while the insular and supramarginal cortices showed decreased activity during positive feedback presentation. Furthermore, when receiving negative feedback, the trauma group displayed higher activity in the medial portion of the superior frontal cortex. The timing of these activity changes occurred between 160 and 600 ms post feedback presentation. Analysis of the time-frequency domain revealed heightened activity in theta and alpha frequency bands (4–10 Hz) in the lOFC in the trauma group. Moreover, dividing the two groups according to their learning performance, the activity for the non-learner subgroup was found to be lower in lOFC and higher in the supramarginal cortex. These differences were found in the trauma group only. The results highlight the localization and neural dynamics of feedback processing that could be affected by exposure to psychological trauma. This approach and associated findings provide a novel framework for understanding the cognitive correlates of psychological trauma in relation to neural dynamics in the space, time, and frequency domains. Subsequent work will focus on the stratification of cognitive and neural correlates as a function of various symptoms of psychological trauma. Clinically, the study findings and approach open the possibility for neuromodulation interventions that synchronize cognitive and psychological constructs for individualized treatment.

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Punishment Learning in U.S. Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

The Physical and Mental Health Benefits of Lifestyle Sports for Disabled People: A Scoping Review

The Physical and Mental Health Benefits of Lifestyle Sports for Disabled People: A Scoping Review

The effects of trauma on feedback processing: an MEG study

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