Punitive versus compensatory reactions to injustice: Emotional antecedents to third-party interventions

Lotz, Sebastian; Okimoto, Tyler G.; Schlösser, Thomas; Fetchenhauer, Detlef

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.10.004

Cited by 132 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Therefore, observers may not have perceived tangible payback as an appropriate form of compensation. In the same vein that Lotz et al (2011) found that observers responded to distributive injustice with a redistribution, it might be that observers respond to incivility with more civility. Future research should examine to what extent observers treat targets of mistreatment more civilly than non-targets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…This paper makes three important contributions. First, by examining observer reactions toward targets, we help to resolve conflicting arguments that third-parties will either compensate (Lotz, Okimoto, Schlösser, & Fetchenhauer, 2011) or develop negative evaluations of (e.g., Cortina & Magley, 2003) targets of mistreatment. Organizations are responsible for providing a safe work environment for employees; to do so, it is important to understand whether witnessing incivility alters observer behavior towards targets.…”

Section: Observing Workplace Incivilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deontic model primarily concerns observer reactions to such emotions by focusing on the perpetrators of injustice (see Lotz et al, 2011 for an exception). However, the deontic model may also have implications for observer reactions toward targets (Lotz et al, 2011), which consequently will have important implications for these vulnerable actors.…”

Section: Deontic Responses To Witnessed Incivilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Observing workplace incivility.

Reich

Hershcovis

2015

Journal of Applied Psychology

180

166

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Interpersonal mistreatment at work often occurs in the presence of others; however, these "others" are rarely examined in empirical research despite their importance to the context of the negative interaction. We conducted 2 experiments to examine how witnessing incivility affects observer reactions toward instigators and targets. In Study 1, participants (N ϭ 60) worked virtually with an ostensible instigator and target. In Study 2, participants (N ϭ 48) worked in vivo with confederates (hired actors) on a job task. Across these 2 studies, we found that observers of incivility tend to punish instigators while their reactions to targets were generally unaffected. Further, the effect of witnessing incivility was mediated by observers' negative emotional reaction toward the instigator.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Observing Workplace Incivilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deontic Responses To Witnessed Incivilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Observing workplace incivility.

Reich

Hershcovis

2015

Journal of Applied Psychology

180

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For example, Lotz et al (2011b) found that people generally compensated more than they punished in third-party situations. Furthermore, Leliveld et al (2012) found that people who scored high on dispositional empathy had a preference for compensating victims instead of punishing perpetrators in these situations.…”

Section: First-party and Third-party Angermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though these studies have shown that people both compensate and punish, the question is what drives people to act prosocially in triadic situations? We have reason to believe that anger, which has hitherto been associated largely with third-party punishment (e.g., Fehr and Gächter 2002;Lotz et al 2011b), can also motivate third-party prosocial acts. Both punishment of a perpetrator and compensation of a victim can act as a means to the end of restoring unjust or inequitable relations (e.g., Frijda 2004;Van Doorn et al 2014).…”

Section: First-party and Third-party Angermentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk behavior for gain, loss, and mixed prospects

2013

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Anger has traditionally been associated with aggression and antagonistic behavior. A series of studies revealed that experiences of third-party anger (anger experienced when observing that harm is done to someone) can also lead to prosocial behavior. More specifically, three studies, hypothetical scenarios as well as a behavioral study, revealed that third-party anger can promote compensation of the victim. The results also showed a preference for such prosocial behaviors over antagonistic behaviors. We conclude that behaviors stemming from anger, whether antagonistic or prosocial, are reactions to inequity, albeit determined by the constraints of the situation.

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Punishing and compensating others at your own expense: The role of empathic concern on reactions to distributive injustice

Leliveld

Dijk

Vanbeest

2012

Euro J Social Psych

154

172

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When confronted with violations of justice, people may be motivated not only to punish the violator, but also to compensate the victim. Whereas prior research has primarily concentrated on the question of when people are willing to punish, we provide a more comprehensive picture by also studying the willingness to compensate and by assessing the moderating role of empathic concern. Study 1 introduces the altruistic compensation game and shows that especially high empathic (compared to low empathic) people are willing to give up parts of their own resources to financially compensate the victims of distributive injustice. Study 2 completes the picture by directly comparing altruistic compensation with altruistic punishment. The study showed that high empathic people decided to compensate the victim, but low empathic people decided to punish the offender.

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Punitive versus compensatory reactions to injustice: Emotional antecedents to third-party interventions

Cited by 132 publications

References 26 publications

Observing workplace incivility.

Observing workplace incivility.

Risk behavior for gain, loss, and mixed prospects

Punishing and compensating others at your own expense: The role of empathic concern on reactions to distributive injustice

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